Factores causales de las oclusiones venosas de retina
Resumen
La oclusión venosa de retina pertenece al grupo de los desórdenes vasculares retinales cuya complicación potencial resulta en pérdida grave de la visión. Clásicamente se ha diferenciado entre aquellas que comprometen la vena central de la retina y las que afectan una rama venosa de retina. La mayoría de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de una oclusión venosa de retina son procesos que biológicamente juegan un papel dentro de un proceso
trombogénico. Sin embargo, casi tradicionalmente las distintas investigaciones sobre las oclusiones venosas de retina no han diferenciado para el análisis entre las oclusiones de vena central (OVC) y las de rama (ORV).
Algunos datos disponibles ahora sugieren que las ORV obedecerían principalmente a procesos que afectan el componente vascular arterial, por lo cual sus principales factores de riesgo serían aquellos implicados en las enfermedades cardiovasculares. A pesar de esto, todavía no se comprende del todo bien la patogénesis de la enfermedad y por ende, la mejor forma de tratar la condición. Muchas interrogantes persisten respecto al tema y la evidencia
es discreta principalmente para la ORV, por lo cual internacionalmente se acepta que se requieren mayores investigaciones.
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16. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114: 545–54.
17. Glacet-Bernard A, Coscas G, Chabanel A, Zourdani A, Lelong F, Samama MM. Prognostic factors for retinal vein occlusion: prospective study of 175 cases. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 551–60.
18. Dodson PM, Galton DJ, Hamilton AM, Blach RK. Retinal vein occlusion and the prevalence of lipoprotein abnormalities. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66: 161–64.
19. Maldonado JC. Cardiopatía isquémica, dislipemia y control genómico del colesterol. En: Estévez E, Maldonado JC. Principios básicos de Nutrigenómica. Quito: Centro de Biomedicina, 2005: 129–40.
20. Meigs JB. The metabolic síndrome. BMJ 2003; 327: 61–62.
21. Williamson TH, Baxter GM. Central retinal vein occlusion, an investigation by color Doppler imaging: blood velocity characteristics and prediction of iris neovascularisation. Ophthalmology 1994; 101: 1362–72.
22. Williamson TH, Harris JA. Ocular blood flow measurement. Br J Ophthalmol 1994; 78: 939–45.
23. Smith R. Retinal vein occlusion and glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1989; 73: 691.
24. Dodson PM, Shine B. Retinal vein occlusion: C reactive protein and arterial hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1984; 62: 123–30.
25. Laroche L, Saraux H. Unilateral central retinal vein occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmologica 1984; 189: 128–29.
26. Fountain JA, Werner RB. Tuberculous retinal vasculitis. Retina 1984; 4: 48–50.
27. Friedman SM, Margo CE. Bilateral central retinal vein occlusions in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinicopathologic correlation. ArchOphthalmol 1995; 113: 1184–88.
28. Fong ACO, Schatz H. Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults. Surv Ophthalmol 1993; 37: 393–417.
29. Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114: 1243–47.
30. Verhoef P, Rimm EB, Hunter DJ, et.al. A common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and risk of coronary artery disease: results among US men. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 353–59.
31. Pianka P, Almog Y, Man O, et al. Hyperhomocystinemia in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2000; 107: 1588–92.
32. Cahill M, Karabatzaki M, Meleady R, et al. Raised plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for retinal vascular occlusive disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 154–57.
33. Vine AK. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129: 640–44.
34. Martin SC, Raiz S, Marr JE, et al. Plasma total homocysteine and retinal vascular disease. Eye 2000; 14: 590–93.
35. Appiah AP, Trempe CL. Risk factors associated with branch vs central retinal vein occlusion. Ann Ophthalmol 1989; 21: 153–57.
36. Rath EZ, Frank RN, Shin DH, et al. Risk factors for retinal vein occlusions. A case-control study. Ophthalmology 1992; 99: 509–14.
37. Soni KG, Woodhouse DF. Retinal vascular occlusion as a presenting feature of glaucoma simplex. Br J.Ophthalmol 1971; 55: 192–95.
2. Clemett RS, Kohner EM, Hamilton AM. The visual prognosis in retinal branch vein occlusion. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1973; 93: 523–35.
3. Hayreh SS, Hayreh MS. Hemi-central retinal vein occlusion. Patogénesis, clinical features, and natural history. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98: 1600–09.
4. Sanborn GE, Magargal LE. Characteristics of the hemispheric retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1984; 91:1616–26.
5. Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Chew E, et al. Risk factors for hemiretinal vein occlusion: comparison with risk factors for central and branch retinal vein occlusion: the eye disease casecontrol study. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 765–71.
6. Appiah AP, Trempe CL. Differences in contributory factors among hemicentral, central, and branch retinal vein occlusions. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 364–66.
7. The Eye Disease Case-control Study Group. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116: 286–96.
8. Duane’s Ophthalmology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Lipincott; 2006.
9. Duke-Elder S, Wybar KC. The anatomy of the visual system. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1961.
10. Trope GE, Lowe GD, McArdle BM, Douglas JT, Forbes CD, Prentice CM. Abnormal blood viscosity and haemostasis in long-standing retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67: 137–42
11. Coscas G. Elevated erythrocyte aggregation in patients with central retinal vein occlusion and without conventional risk factors. Ophthalmology 1994; 101:1483–87.
12. Williamson TH, Baxter GM, Lowe GDO. The influence of age, systemic blood pressure, smoking and blood viscosity on orbital blood velocities. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 17–22.
13. McGrath MA, Wechsler F, Hunyor ABL, Penny R. Systemic factors contributory to retinal vein occlusion. Arch Intern Med 1978; 138: 216–20.
14. Cole MD, Dodson PM, Hendeles S. Medical conditions underlying retinal vein occlusion in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 1989; 73: 693–98.
15. Elman MJ, Bhatt AK, Quinlan PM, Enger C. The risk for systemic vascular diseases and mortality in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1990; 97: 1543–48.
16. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114: 545–54.
17. Glacet-Bernard A, Coscas G, Chabanel A, Zourdani A, Lelong F, Samama MM. Prognostic factors for retinal vein occlusion: prospective study of 175 cases. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 551–60.
18. Dodson PM, Galton DJ, Hamilton AM, Blach RK. Retinal vein occlusion and the prevalence of lipoprotein abnormalities. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66: 161–64.
19. Maldonado JC. Cardiopatía isquémica, dislipemia y control genómico del colesterol. En: Estévez E, Maldonado JC. Principios básicos de Nutrigenómica. Quito: Centro de Biomedicina, 2005: 129–40.
20. Meigs JB. The metabolic síndrome. BMJ 2003; 327: 61–62.
21. Williamson TH, Baxter GM. Central retinal vein occlusion, an investigation by color Doppler imaging: blood velocity characteristics and prediction of iris neovascularisation. Ophthalmology 1994; 101: 1362–72.
22. Williamson TH, Harris JA. Ocular blood flow measurement. Br J Ophthalmol 1994; 78: 939–45.
23. Smith R. Retinal vein occlusion and glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1989; 73: 691.
24. Dodson PM, Shine B. Retinal vein occlusion: C reactive protein and arterial hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1984; 62: 123–30.
25. Laroche L, Saraux H. Unilateral central retinal vein occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmologica 1984; 189: 128–29.
26. Fountain JA, Werner RB. Tuberculous retinal vasculitis. Retina 1984; 4: 48–50.
27. Friedman SM, Margo CE. Bilateral central retinal vein occlusions in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinicopathologic correlation. ArchOphthalmol 1995; 113: 1184–88.
28. Fong ACO, Schatz H. Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults. Surv Ophthalmol 1993; 37: 393–417.
29. Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114: 1243–47.
30. Verhoef P, Rimm EB, Hunter DJ, et.al. A common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and risk of coronary artery disease: results among US men. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 353–59.
31. Pianka P, Almog Y, Man O, et al. Hyperhomocystinemia in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2000; 107: 1588–92.
32. Cahill M, Karabatzaki M, Meleady R, et al. Raised plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for retinal vascular occlusive disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 154–57.
33. Vine AK. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129: 640–44.
34. Martin SC, Raiz S, Marr JE, et al. Plasma total homocysteine and retinal vascular disease. Eye 2000; 14: 590–93.
35. Appiah AP, Trempe CL. Risk factors associated with branch vs central retinal vein occlusion. Ann Ophthalmol 1989; 21: 153–57.
36. Rath EZ, Frank RN, Shin DH, et al. Risk factors for retinal vein occlusions. A case-control study. Ophthalmology 1992; 99: 509–14.
37. Soni KG, Woodhouse DF. Retinal vascular occlusion as a presenting feature of glaucoma simplex. Br J.Ophthalmol 1971; 55: 192–95.
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Publicado
2017-05-29
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1.
Llerena TP. Factores causales de las oclusiones venosas de retina. Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito) [Internet]. 29 de mayo de 2017 [citado 19 de diciembre de 2024];33(2):48-56. Disponible en: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CIENCIAS_MEDICAS/article/view/1044
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