Diabetes y Embarazo
Resumen
El embarazo es un estado metabólico único en el cual la madre tiene que aportar sustrato y energía, no sólo para sus propias urgenciás energéticas sino también para los requerimientos metabólicos del feto. La diabetes interfiere con los cambios adaptativos maternos normales produciendo alteraciones fetales. En la presente revisión bibliográfica se tratará de estudiar la definición de diabetes gestacional, su fisiopatología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
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1. National Diabetes Date Group. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intólerancie. Diabetes 1979; 28: 1089.
2. World Health Organization Expert Committe oh Diabetes Mellitus. Second Report. Tech. Rep. Ser. WHO, No. 646, 1980.
3. Reycroft, D.: Metabolismo Materno en el Embarazo Normal y el Embarazo Complicado por Diabetes Sacarina, Clínicas Obstétricas y Ginecológicas, 1985; 3: 75-593.
4. Kalkhoff, R.K., Kissebah, A.H., Kim H.J. Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism During Normal Pregnancy: Relationship to Gestation Hormne Action: The Diabetic Pregnancy: a Peririatal Perspective. New York, Gruña & Stratton, 1979: 3.
5. Young, M., Rcgulation of Partition of Protein During Pregnancy Martini, L. James VHT, eds. Fetal Endocrinology and Metabolism, New York: Academic Press, 1983: 145.
6. Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board. Reeommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.
7. Knopp, R.H., Montes A., Childs, M. Metabolic Adjustments in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies. Clin Obst Gynecol 1981; 24:21.
8. Munro H.N., Pilistine S.J., Fant M.E. The Placenta In Nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 1983; 3:97.
9. Diament Y.Z., Kissilevitz R., Shafrir fe., Changes in Activity of Enzymes Relatcd to Glucolysis, Glueoneogenesis and Lipógenesis in Placentae from Diabetic women, Placenta 1984; 5:55.
10. Fernandez I., Gutiérrez A., Rodríguez M.A., Valoración de los Requerimientos Insulínicos con Páncreas Artificial de la Embarazada con Diabetes Gestacional Insulinodependiente (tipo I), Med Clin (Barc)., 1989; 94: 88-92.
11. Hollingsworth D.R., Ney D., Stubblefield N., Eell T. Metabolic and Therapeutic Assessment of Gestationai Diabetes by two hour and 24 hóür Isocaloric Meal Tolerancie Test. Second International Workshop—Conference on Gestational Diabetes (1984) Diabetes. In Press.
12. Freinkel N., Gabbe S.G., Summai'y and Recommendations of the Second International Workshop Conference on Gestationai Diabetes
1985; 34: 123.
13. O’SulIivan J.M. y Mahan C.M. Criteria for the Oral Glu cose Tolerance Tesl in Pregnancy. Diabetes 1964; 13:278.
14. Wilkerson II.L., Myman H., Kaufman M., Diagnostic Evaluation of Oral Glucosa Tolerance Test in Nondiabetic Subjects after Various Levéis of Carbohydrate Intake,- N. Engl J Med. 1960; 262:1047.
15. Zarate A., Canales E., Diabetes de la Embarazada, Revista Médica, 1986; 3:167-171.
16. Pedersen J., Complicaciones y Condiciones Indicativas de Hiperglucemia y Diabetes Materna. En: La diabética Gestante y su Recién Nacido. Pedersen Salvat Editores, Barcelona, 1981. p. 33.
17. O’Sullivan J.B., Charles D. Mahan C.M., Gestational Diabetes and Perinatal Mortality Rate, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1973, 116:901.
18. Sepe S.J., Connell F.A., Gestatiorjal, Diabetes. Incidence, Maternal Characteristics and Perinatal Autocorne. Diabetes 1985; 34:13.
19. Phelwe W.E., Tur ti e J. II., Management oí' Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes: Experience with 232 patient in a 4 year period. AusUNZ J Obstet Gynecol, 1984; 24: 167.
20. Phelwe W.E., Storey G.N., Shearniári R.P., Outcome ofrregnaricy Complicated by Diatetes Experience with 232 patients in a 4 years period, Rest 1984: 1: 67.
21. Lowy C. Beard R.W., The UK Diabetic Pregnancy Survey. Acta Endocrinol, 1986: 277:86.
22. Adashi E.Y., Pinto H., ímpact of Maternal Euglyeemia of Fetal Outocome in Diabetic Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979, 133: 268.
23. Berne C., Wibell L., Ten Year Experience of Insulin Treatment in Gestationai Diabetes. Acta Pediatr Scand., 1985; 320:85.
24. Fadel M., Hammond C., Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Management and Results. J Reprod Med., 1982; 27:56.
25. Pettit D.J., Baird H.R., Diabetes Mellitüs in Children Following Maternal Diabetes During Gestation, Diabetes, 1982; 32:66.
26. Van Assche y Fiarerts L, Long Term Effect of Diabetes in Pregnancy in the Rat. Diabetes, 1985: 34.
27. Pettit D.J. Baird H.R., Wxcessive Obesity of Offspring of Pima Iridian Women with Diabetes During Pregnancy, N. Engl. J Med., 1983; 108:242.
28. O’Sullivan J.B., Long Term Follow up of Gestational Diabetics. En: Early Diabetes in Early Life. Camerine—Dávalos R.A. Colé H.S., Academic Press. Nueva York, 1975, 1985. c/503.
29. Stowers J.M., Sutherland H.W., Long—range Irnplications for the Molbers I li Aberdeen F.xperienee. Diabetes I985 34:106.
30. lYIeslman J . I I . , Anderson ( í .V ,, l ’oMow up S tu - d y o f 360 siibjects vvilli A lm o rm a l Garbohiidra tc Metabolism During Pregnancy. Obstet Gy - nccol, 1972; 3439:421.
31. Metzger, M.E., Bybee D.H., Gcstational Diabe tos IVIcllifiis. Correlations Betwecn tlie Pbenotvpic and Gonotypie Charaetcvistics • of •. Ihc Mo- Ihcí and Abnormal Glucoee Toleraría: During tlic First Year Poslpartuni. Diabetes 1985; 34:111.
32. Canales E., Ablanedo J., Complicaciones Maternas y Morbilidad Perinatal en la Diabética Tratada con llipoglicemíanles Orales Durante la Gestación; Ach Invest Med; 1987; 18: 241.
33. Kalkalioff H., jaeobson M., Progesterone, Pregriancy and the Aiigmented Plasma Irisiilin Response, J Clin Kndocrinol, 1980; 3 1 :2 4
34. Sandheimor S., Efectos Metabólicos de las Píldoras Anficcptivas. Clin Obstet Gyneeol, 1981; 3: 935.
35. Adatns P.W., l' olkers J ., luflüence of Oral Contraceptives, Pyridoxine (vilamin B6) and Truptophan on Carbobydrate Metabolism, Laneet 1986; 1:759.
36. Skouby S.O., Pedersen L., Lów Dosage Oral Gontrafceptives in Wornen with a Previous Geslational Diabetes. Obstet Gynccol* 1982; 59:325.
37. Stout R.W., Overview of tbe Association lietwen Insiilin and Atlierosclerosis. Metab. Clin Wxp, 1985; 12:17.
2. World Health Organization Expert Committe oh Diabetes Mellitus. Second Report. Tech. Rep. Ser. WHO, No. 646, 1980.
3. Reycroft, D.: Metabolismo Materno en el Embarazo Normal y el Embarazo Complicado por Diabetes Sacarina, Clínicas Obstétricas y Ginecológicas, 1985; 3: 75-593.
4. Kalkhoff, R.K., Kissebah, A.H., Kim H.J. Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism During Normal Pregnancy: Relationship to Gestation Hormne Action: The Diabetic Pregnancy: a Peririatal Perspective. New York, Gruña & Stratton, 1979: 3.
5. Young, M., Rcgulation of Partition of Protein During Pregnancy Martini, L. James VHT, eds. Fetal Endocrinology and Metabolism, New York: Academic Press, 1983: 145.
6. Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board. Reeommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.
7. Knopp, R.H., Montes A., Childs, M. Metabolic Adjustments in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies. Clin Obst Gynecol 1981; 24:21.
8. Munro H.N., Pilistine S.J., Fant M.E. The Placenta In Nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 1983; 3:97.
9. Diament Y.Z., Kissilevitz R., Shafrir fe., Changes in Activity of Enzymes Relatcd to Glucolysis, Glueoneogenesis and Lipógenesis in Placentae from Diabetic women, Placenta 1984; 5:55.
10. Fernandez I., Gutiérrez A., Rodríguez M.A., Valoración de los Requerimientos Insulínicos con Páncreas Artificial de la Embarazada con Diabetes Gestacional Insulinodependiente (tipo I), Med Clin (Barc)., 1989; 94: 88-92.
11. Hollingsworth D.R., Ney D., Stubblefield N., Eell T. Metabolic and Therapeutic Assessment of Gestationai Diabetes by two hour and 24 hóür Isocaloric Meal Tolerancie Test. Second International Workshop—Conference on Gestational Diabetes (1984) Diabetes. In Press.
12. Freinkel N., Gabbe S.G., Summai'y and Recommendations of the Second International Workshop Conference on Gestationai Diabetes
1985; 34: 123.
13. O’SulIivan J.M. y Mahan C.M. Criteria for the Oral Glu cose Tolerance Tesl in Pregnancy. Diabetes 1964; 13:278.
14. Wilkerson II.L., Myman H., Kaufman M., Diagnostic Evaluation of Oral Glucosa Tolerance Test in Nondiabetic Subjects after Various Levéis of Carbohydrate Intake,- N. Engl J Med. 1960; 262:1047.
15. Zarate A., Canales E., Diabetes de la Embarazada, Revista Médica, 1986; 3:167-171.
16. Pedersen J., Complicaciones y Condiciones Indicativas de Hiperglucemia y Diabetes Materna. En: La diabética Gestante y su Recién Nacido. Pedersen Salvat Editores, Barcelona, 1981. p. 33.
17. O’Sullivan J.B., Charles D. Mahan C.M., Gestational Diabetes and Perinatal Mortality Rate, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1973, 116:901.
18. Sepe S.J., Connell F.A., Gestatiorjal, Diabetes. Incidence, Maternal Characteristics and Perinatal Autocorne. Diabetes 1985; 34:13.
19. Phelwe W.E., Tur ti e J. II., Management oí' Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes: Experience with 232 patient in a 4 year period. AusUNZ J Obstet Gynecol, 1984; 24: 167.
20. Phelwe W.E., Storey G.N., Shearniári R.P., Outcome ofrregnaricy Complicated by Diatetes Experience with 232 patients in a 4 years period, Rest 1984: 1: 67.
21. Lowy C. Beard R.W., The UK Diabetic Pregnancy Survey. Acta Endocrinol, 1986: 277:86.
22. Adashi E.Y., Pinto H., ímpact of Maternal Euglyeemia of Fetal Outocome in Diabetic Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979, 133: 268.
23. Berne C., Wibell L., Ten Year Experience of Insulin Treatment in Gestationai Diabetes. Acta Pediatr Scand., 1985; 320:85.
24. Fadel M., Hammond C., Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Management and Results. J Reprod Med., 1982; 27:56.
25. Pettit D.J., Baird H.R., Diabetes Mellitüs in Children Following Maternal Diabetes During Gestation, Diabetes, 1982; 32:66.
26. Van Assche y Fiarerts L, Long Term Effect of Diabetes in Pregnancy in the Rat. Diabetes, 1985: 34.
27. Pettit D.J. Baird H.R., Wxcessive Obesity of Offspring of Pima Iridian Women with Diabetes During Pregnancy, N. Engl. J Med., 1983; 108:242.
28. O’Sullivan J.B., Long Term Follow up of Gestational Diabetics. En: Early Diabetes in Early Life. Camerine—Dávalos R.A. Colé H.S., Academic Press. Nueva York, 1975, 1985. c/503.
29. Stowers J.M., Sutherland H.W., Long—range Irnplications for the Molbers I li Aberdeen F.xperienee. Diabetes I985 34:106.
30. lYIeslman J . I I . , Anderson ( í .V ,, l ’oMow up S tu - d y o f 360 siibjects vvilli A lm o rm a l Garbohiidra tc Metabolism During Pregnancy. Obstet Gy - nccol, 1972; 3439:421.
31. Metzger, M.E., Bybee D.H., Gcstational Diabe tos IVIcllifiis. Correlations Betwecn tlie Pbenotvpic and Gonotypie Charaetcvistics • of •. Ihc Mo- Ihcí and Abnormal Glucoee Toleraría: During tlic First Year Poslpartuni. Diabetes 1985; 34:111.
32. Canales E., Ablanedo J., Complicaciones Maternas y Morbilidad Perinatal en la Diabética Tratada con llipoglicemíanles Orales Durante la Gestación; Ach Invest Med; 1987; 18: 241.
33. Kalkalioff H., jaeobson M., Progesterone, Pregriancy and the Aiigmented Plasma Irisiilin Response, J Clin Kndocrinol, 1980; 3 1 :2 4
34. Sandheimor S., Efectos Metabólicos de las Píldoras Anficcptivas. Clin Obstet Gyneeol, 1981; 3: 935.
35. Adatns P.W., l' olkers J ., luflüence of Oral Contraceptives, Pyridoxine (vilamin B6) and Truptophan on Carbobydrate Metabolism, Laneet 1986; 1:759.
36. Skouby S.O., Pedersen L., Lów Dosage Oral Gontrafceptives in Wornen with a Previous Geslational Diabetes. Obstet Gynccol* 1982; 59:325.
37. Stout R.W., Overview of tbe Association lietwen Insiilin and Atlierosclerosis. Metab. Clin Wxp, 1985; 12:17.
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Publicado
2017-06-16
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1.
Vega Checa IP, Montenegro Moreno C. Diabetes y Embarazo. Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito) [Internet]. 16 de junio de 2017 [citado 15 de noviembre de 2024];16(1-2):53-60. Disponible en: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CIENCIAS_MEDICAS/article/view/697
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