Representando el referéndum del Brexit en la prensa británica. Análisis de Encuadre de titulares de cuatro diarios
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La salida del Reino Unido (RU) del bloque de la Unión
Europea (UE) ha sido uno de los eventos políticos más turbulentos de esa región en los últimos años. El resultado del referéndum, en el 2016, supuso una fractura importante en uno de los proyectos de integración más exitosos que se han dado a nivel mundial; además, sirvió como campo de batalla, en términos discursivos, donde chocaron diversas visiones respecto a la permanencia del RU en el bloque europeo. Los medios de comunicación participaron activamente en la contienda política a través de representaciones parcializadas de los eventos, disfrazadas de noticias objetivas, que incidieron, de un modo u otro, en la construcción de opinión pública. Este trabajo estudió, a través del Framing Analysis, cómo cuatro medios británicos (Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday, Daily Mirror y Sunday Mirror) encuadraron el debate sobre el Brexit para posicionar una mirada específica del problema. Se pudieron identificar tres grandes estrategias, a favor y en contra de la permanencia, en un total de 60 titulares entre los cuatro periódicos estudiados: el encuadre de la crisis económica, el del intruso y el del proyecto “pánico”.
Descargas
Métricas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Citas
Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso.
Baden, C. (2018). Reconstructing frames from intertextual news discourse. In P. D’Angelo (Ed.), Doing Framing Analysis II: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives. Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315642239-1
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C. & Mcenery, T. (2013). Discourse Analysis and Media Attitudes. The Representation of Islam in the British Press. Cambridge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920103
Bennett, S. (2019a). ‘Crisis’ as a discursive strategy in Brexit referendum campaigns. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1591290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1591290
Bennett, S. (2019b). Values as tools of legitimation in EU and UK Brexit discourses. In V. Koller, S. Kopf & M. Miglbauer (Eds.), Discourses of Brexit (pp. 17–31). Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351041867-2
Breeze, R. (2019). Emotion in politics: Affective-discursive practices in UKIP and Labour. Discourse and Society, 30(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926518801074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926518801074
Calhoun, C. (2017). Populism, Nationalism and Brexit. In W. Outhwaite (Ed.), Brexit: Sociological Responses (pp. 57–76). Anthem Press.
Chang, H.-J. (2010). 23 things they don’t tell you about capitalism. Penguin Group.
Charteris-Black, J. (2019). Metaphors of Brexit No: Cherries on the Cake? Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28768-9
Clarke, J. & Newman, J. (2017). ‘People in this country have had enough of experts’: Brexit and the paradoxes of populism. Critical Policy Studies, 11(1), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2017.1282376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2017.1282376
Coxall, B., Robins, L. & Leach, R. (2003). Contemporary British Politics. (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14821-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14821-9
D’Angelo, P. & Kuypers, J. A. (Eds.). (2010). Doing news framing analysis: Empirical and theoretical perspectives. Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203864463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203864463
Davis, A. & Walsh, C. (2015). The Role of the State in the Financialisation of the UK Economy Political Studies Early View. Political Studies, n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9248.12198
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing : Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117710799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Entman, R. M. (2009). Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and US Foreign Policy. The University of Chicago Press. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=SzG0HkZeoNIC&pg=GBS.PP4.w.3.0.0_18&hl=es
Evans, G. & Menon, A. (2017). Brexit and British Politics. Polity Press.
Gamson, W. & Lasch, K. (2012). Evaluating the Welfare State. In Heckman, J. y Smith, J. (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century (pp. 397–415). Cambridge University Press
Gamson, W. & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power : A Constructionist Approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2780405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/229213
Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World Is Whatching: mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left. University of California Press.
Glencross, A. (2016). Why the UK Voted for Brexit. David Cameron´s Great Miscalculation. In Why the UK Voted for Brexit. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59001-5
Goodwin, M. & Milazzo, C. (2017). Taking back control? Investigating the role of immigration in the 2016 vote for Brexit. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19(3), 450–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117710799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117710799
Hall, S. (2005a). Encoding/Decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, Media, Language (pp. 117–127). Routledge.
Hall, S. (2005b). Introduction to Media Studies at the Centre. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, Media, Language (pp. 104–116). Routledge.
Halliday, M. A. K. (2017). El lenguaje como semiótica social. La interpretación social del lenguaje y del significado. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Hearn, J. (2017). Vox Populi: Nationalism, Glogalization and the Balance of Power in the Making of Brexit. In W. Outhwaite (Ed.), Brexit: Sociological Responses (pp. 19–30). Anthem Press.
Hinde, S. (2017). Brexit and the Media. Hermès, La Revue, 77(1), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/herm.077.0080
Jackson, D., Thorsen, E. & Dominic, W. (Eds.). (2016). EU Referendum Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign. Early reflections from leading UK academics. The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community. Bournemouth University.
Jensen, M. D. & Snaith, H. (2016). When politics prevails: the political economy of a Brexit. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(9), 1302–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1174531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1174531
Jessop, B. (2017). The Organic Crisis of the British State: Putting Brexit in its Place. Globalizations, 14(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1228783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1228783
Jessop, B. (2018). Neoliberalization, uneven development, and Brexit: further reflections on the organic crisis of the British state and society. European Planning Studies, 26(9), 1728–1746. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1501469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1501469
Khabaz, D. (2018). Framing Brexit: The role, and the impact, of the national newspapers on the EU referendum. Newspaper Research Journal, 39(4), 496–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918806871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918806871
Kovecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023919116538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023919116538
Krzyżanowski, M. (2019). Brexit and the imaginary of ‘crisis’: a discourse-conceptual analysis of European news media. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592001
Lakoff, G. M. J. (2003). Metaphors we live by. The University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001
Levy, D. A. L., Aslan, B. & Bironzo, D. (2016). Uk Press Coverage of the Eu Referendum. In Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/uk-press-coverage-eu-referendum
Liddle, R. (2015). The Risk of Brexit : The Politics of a Referendum. Rowman & Littlefield International.
Maccaferri, M. (2019). Splendid isolation again? Brexit and the role of the press and online media in re-narrating the European discourse. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592766 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592766
Marsh, D. (2018). Brexit and the politics of truth. British Politics, 13(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41293-018-0076-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41293-018-0076-x
Orwell, G. (1945). Notes on Nationalism. https://www.resort.com/~prime8/Orwell/nationalism.html
Pan, Z. & Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963
Payne, R. (2018). Brexit and the British Media. The Round Table, 107(1), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2018.1424083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2018.1424083
Reese, S. D. (2008). Prologue. Framing Public Life: A Bridging Model for Media Research. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy Jr. & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v53i1.198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v53i1.198
Reese, S. D., Gandy Jr, O. H. & Grant, A. E. (Eds.). (2008). Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Seaton, J. (2016). Brexit and the Media. The Political Quarterly, 87(3), 333–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12296
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (2004). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
Tarín Sanz, A. (2017). The Ethnic Russian as an Enemy of Islam: Frame Analysis of the Kavkaz Center News Agency (2001–2004). Civil Wars, 19(4), 495–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2017.1396112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2017.1396112
Taylor, G. (2017). Understanding Brexit: Why Britain voted to leave the European Union. Emerald Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787146785
Tuchman, G. (1980). Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. The Free Press.
van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News As Discourse. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203062784 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203062784
Van Gorp, B. (2005). Where is the frame?: Victims and intruders in the belgian press coverage of the asylum issue. European Journal of Communication, 20(4), 484–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323105058253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323105058253
Van Gorp, B. (2010). Strategies to Take Subjectivity Out of Framing Analysis. In P. D´ Angelo & J. A. Kuypers (Eds.), Doing news framing analysis: Empirical and theoretical perspectives (pp. 84–109). Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group.
Van Gorp, B. & Van der Goot, M. J. (2012). Sustainable Food and Agriculture: Stakeholder’s Frames. Communication, Culture & Critique, 5(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2012.01135.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2012.01135.x
Vasilopoulou, S. & Wagner, M. (2017). Fear, anger and enthusiasm about the European Union: Effects of emotional reactions on public preferences towards European integration. European Union Politics, 18(3), 382–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517698048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517698048
Verón, E. (1987). La Palabra Adversativa: Observaciones sobre la enunciación política. En E. Verón, L. Arfuch, M. M. Chirico, E. De Ipola, N. Goldam, M. I. González & Ó. Landi (Eds.), El discurso político: Lenguajes y acontecimientos (pp. 11–26). Hachette.
Wenzl, N. (2019). ‘This is about the kind of Britain we are’: National identities as constructed in parliamentary debates about EU membership. In V. Koller, S. Kopf & M. Miglbauer (Eds.), Discourses of Brexit (pp. 32–47). Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351041867-3
Zappettini, F. & Krzyżanowski, M. (2019). The critical juncture of Brexit in media & political discourses: from national-populist imaginary to cross-national social and political crisis. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1592767