Hormigón Estructural de Baja Densidad para Edificaciones

Abstract

Ecuador is located in an area of ​​high seismic hazard, so the design demanded in reinforced concrete buildings under a critical condition, is the earthquake and being the basal shear, the lateral force applied in the building proportional to the weight of the structure, so that an alternative to mitigate this seismic action on reinforced concrete structures is to reduce the weight of structural elements by using lightweight concrete.

Therefore, the main objective of the research is to manufacture a low-density concrete that in turn has structural characteristics and also can be determined by tests and correlations the physical and mechanical parameters of lightweight concrete so that they can be used as data within the analysis and structural design of buildings.

On the basis of what has been described, the investigation consists in the elaboration of a low-density structural concrete with the use of light aggregate (pumice stone) extracted from the San Antonio - Calacalí road section, fine aggregate from the Pifo quarry and GU type cement. general use.

The structural lightweight concrete design is based on three standards: ACI 318-14: Code requirements for structural concrete, ACI 211.1-98 Standard practice for selecting proportions of lightweight structural concrete and ACI 213R-14: Guide for light aggregate structural concrete, which provide tables for estimating the quantities of material, depending on the resistance you want to achieve.

The dosage for one cubic meter of structural lightweight concrete is 9.2 bags of cement, 208 liters of water, 792 kg of sand, 326 kg of pumice stone and 4.6 kg of Aditec SF - 106 superplasticizer additive. Using this dosage, a concrete is obtained structural light with a 28-day compressive strength of 282 kg / cm2 and equilibrium density of 1.81 kg / cm3, in addition to be used later in a mathematical model, the modulus of rupture, tensile strength is obtained, modulus of elasticity, Poisson module through tests and correlation formulas of the ACI.

Lightweight concrete can be used in structural elements such as beams, columns and slabs, but cannot be in direct contact with water due to its porosity. The decrease in the density of concrete brings many advantages such as reduction of loads, sections, amount of steel and even cost.