Prevalencia de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de beta-2 glicoproteína I en mujeres preeclampticas y normotensas
Resumen
Contexto: Estudios internacionales han reportado una asociación directa de los niveles de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de beta-2 glicoproteina I (ß2GP-I) con el desarrollo de preeclampsia, pero la evidencia aún es controversial.
Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de ß2GP-I entre pacientes ecuatorianas con preeclampsia y embarazo normal.
Diseño: Estudio transversal.
Lugar y sujetos: 80 pacientes con preeclampsia y 80 gestantes normotensas atendidas consecutivamente en la emergencia del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora (HGOIA) de la ciudad de Quito.
Mediciones principales: Detección de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de ß2GP-I, mediante ensayo enzimático inmunológico (Anti-Cardiolipin Screen®), considerando un valor de corte de 10 U/mL como positivo.
Resultados: La prevalencia de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de ß2GP-I no fue estadísticamente diferente entre las pacientes con preeclampsia y las gestantes normotensas (15.0% vs. 23.7%; p=ns). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias entre los subgrupos de pacientes con preeclampsia leve y severa (12.8% vs. 18.2%; p=ns). La presencia de un cuadro de preeclampsia no se asoció significativamente con niveles elevados de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de ß2GP-I (OR=0.57; IC95%= 0.24 - 1.35).
Conclusiones: En gestantes de nuestro país no se encontró una relación entre niveles elevados de anticuerpos anticardiolipina dependientes de ß2GP-I y preeclampsia. La prevalencia de estos anticuerpos en gestantes normotensas fue mayor que la reportada en otras poblaciones.
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