Educational inclusion of students with disabilities at the Central University of Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/rfcmq.v47i1.3445Keywords:
disability, school integration, educational inclusionAbstract
Introduction: Educational inclusion in public and private higher education is a problem that has been addressed in various ways by different Ecuadorian higher education institutions. The Central University of Ecuador is a public institution where approximately 40,000 students study, is committed to implementing inclusive cultures, policies and practices, which analyzes the barriers and opportunities for access to quality education and on equal terms.
Aim. Identify the personal characteristics of students with disabilities, the contextual factors of the Central University of Ecuador and their relationship with the level of inclusion.
Material and methods. Descriptive, correlational, observational study, which investigated 108 students from the Central University of Ecuador who present at least one disability, and who answered the inclusion survey online. Statistic analysis. SPSS 22.0 was used, for the univariate analysis applied descriptive statistics supported by measures of proportion while x2 squared and Spearman tests were used for the bivariate analysis.
Results. 54% of those investigated register a low level of educational inclusion, 22.52% present limitations to move around, 17.59% to learn/study and 14.81% for personal interactions. 35% require help from classmates and family, university services and technical aids to carry out several of their academic activities and access the university physical environment with severe and moderate limitations to carry out their activities are 1.4 to 1.8 times more likely to have a low level of inclusion than those with mild limitations. This pattern is repeated with other personal and contextual variables and reflects the association between personal-contextual factors and educational inclusion.
Conclusions. Inclusion is a systemic process in which bio-psycho-social variables intervene and interact concurrently. The conditions to create the educational inclusion of students with disabilities in the Central University of Ecuador must be supported by a paradigm shift, and oriented towards the implementation of educational inclusion policies and processes, which incorporate the needs expressed by those investigated in this study.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Clasificación internacional del funcionamiento, de la discapacidad y de la salud: versión para la infancia y la adolescencia: CIF-IA [Internet].Madrid: IMSERSO; 2011. [cited 2020 Nov 29]. 371p. Available from: https://bit.ly/2KlDdzA
Oganización Mundial de la Salud & Banco Mundial. Informe Mundial La Discapacidad. [Internet].Malta: OMS;2011. [cited 2020 Oct 29].27p. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/75356
Naciones Unidas. Normas uniformes sobre la Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad. Resolución 48/96. [Internet]. Ginebra: Naciones Unidas; 1993. [cited 2020 Nov 29].15p. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities
Consejo Nacional de la Igualdad de Discapacidades. Agenda nacional para la Igualdad en discapacidades 2013-2017. [Internet].Quito: CONADIS;2013. [cited 2020 Nov 20].208p. Available from: https://www.consejodiscapacidades.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/03/agenda_nacional_discapacidades.pdf
Fayed N, Cieza A, Edmond Bickenbach J. Linking health and health-related information to the ICF: A systematic review of the literature from 2001 to 2008. Disabil Rehabil [Internet]. 2011;33(21–22):1941–51. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49819303_Linking_health_and_health-related_information_to_the_ICF_A_systematic_review_of_the_literature_from_2001_to_2008
Stucki G, Kostanjsek N, Üstün B, Cieza A. ICF-based classification and measurement of functioning. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med [Internet]. 2008;44(3):314–28. Available from: https://www.minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/L1JUR1FTVEN0cmJuUHlFMVNBamx5cnF6bzVVTnJCUCtjdlZTdDE4L0RGQkx3ZTJDZ1F1UHVoOEtyV29yT2FlKw%253D%253D/R33Y2008N03A0315.pdf
Cepa L. La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. [Internet]. Nueva York: ONU;2018. [cited 2020 Oct 20]. 93p. Available from: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/40155/24/S1801141_es.pdf
Asamblea General de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. [Internet]. Nueva York:ONU;2008; [cited 2020 Oct 20].64p. Available from: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf
Registro Oficial Suplemento 298. Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior [Internet]. Quito: 2010. [cited 2020 Nov 20]. 83 p. Available from: https://www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/03/LEY_ORGANICA_DE_EDUCACION_SUPERIOR_LOES.pdf
Cazar R, Molina D, Moreno M. La Discapacidad en Cifras.Quito: CONADIS; 2005.159p.
Ibarra A, Alejandro D. Libro blanco sobre TIC´s aplicadas a la discapacidad en las universidades del Ecuador. [tesis en internet]. [Sangolquí]: Escuela Politécnica del Ejercito; 2013 [citado 2020 Nov 18]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3gU73az
Jara R, Melero N, Guichot E. La inclusión socioeducativa en la comunidad universitaria: perspectivas y desafíos de la educación superior en ecuador y en España. Alteridad [Internet]. 2015; 10(2):162-179. Available from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a21v42n09/a21v42n09p05.pdf
Cazar R, Coello F, Moreno M, Jaramillo A, Ortiz C. Universidad y Discapacidad: la discapacidad en la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Resultados de la encuesta socio-económica para estudiantes – 2017 [Internet]. 2017;39(1):195–205. Available from: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CSOCIALES/article/view/1232/1220
Secretaría de Educación Superior Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación. Tecnología , innovación y saberes ancestrales en cifras [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2019/01/00_Nacional_Educacion_Superior_en_Cifras_Diciembre_2018.pdf
Ministerio de Salud Pública. Calificación de la Discapacidad. ManuaL MSP. 2018 [Internet].337 p. Available from: https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2018/12/Manual_Calificaci%C3%B3n-de_Discapacidad_2018.pdf
Cieza A, Stucki G. The international classification of functioning disability and health: Its development process and content validity. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008;44(3):303–13.
Fundación universia. Universidad y Discapacidad. III Estudio sobre el grado de inclusión del sistema universitario español respecto de la realidad de la discapacidad [Internet]. Madrid.Cermi editor.2016. [cited 2021 Enero 30].95 p. Available from: https://www.fundacionuniversia.net/content/dam/fundacionuniversia/pdf/estudios/IIIEstudio_UniversidadyDiscapacidad_ACC.pdf
Fundación universia. Universidad y Discapacidad. IV Estudio sobre el grado de inclusión del sistema universitario español respecto a la realidad de la discapacidad discapacidad [Internet]. Madrid.Cermi editor. 2019. [cited 2021 Enero 30].82 p. Available p. Available from: https://sid-inico.usal.es/documentacion/universidad-y-discapacidad-iv-estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-inclusion-del-sistema-universitario-espanol-respecto-de-la-realidad-de-la-discapacidad/
Espinosa C, Gómez V, Cañedo C. ¿Integración o inclusión? La educación superior ecuatoriana y el pleno acceso de estudiantes con discapacidad. Ciencia y Sociedad [Internet]. 2012; 37(3):255-274. Available from: https://rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/article/view/345
Ocampo J. Discapacidad, Inclusión y Educación Superior en Ecuador. Rev Latinoam Educ Inclusiva [Internet]. 2018;12(2):97–114. Available from: https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-73782018000200097&script=sci_abstract
Molina R. Educación Superior para estudiantes con Discapacidad. Rev Invest (Guadalajara) [Internet]. 2010; (70):95-115. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3761/376140385005.pdf
Bell RF, Lema BM, Delgado EZ, Lema Cachinell AN. Del Mensaje de Salamanca a la Educación Superior Inclusiva: Un Itinerario por Completar [Internet]. Vol. 13, Revista latinoamericana de educación inclusiva. 2019; 13(2):173-188. Available from: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/rlei/v13n2/0718-7378-rlei-13-02-173.pdf
Bell-Rodríguez RF. Comprensión del ciclo para la inclusión educativa en la educación superior ecuatoriana [Internet]. Vol. 24, Revista Electrónica Educare. 2020; 24(1):1-21. Available from: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-42582020000100070
Abreu M. A inclusão no ensino supeiror: estudo exploratório numa Universidade Portuguesa [Internet]. Vol. 19, Revista de Educação Especial e Reabilitação. 2012; (19):107-120. Available from: https://digituma.uma.pt/bitstream/10400.13/511/1/A%20inclus%C3%A3o%20no%20ensino%20supeirorAntunes.pdf
Aleixo SM. Alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais : Estudo Exploratório Sobre a Inclusão no Ensino Superior [tesis en internet]. Portugal; 2013. [cited Oct 28]. Available from: https://digituma.uma.pt/bitstream/10400.13/330/1/MestradoSuzeteAbreu.pdf
Borja LA, Jumbo FT, Córdova JM. La universidad ecuatoriana como entorno inclusivo: el derecho a una educación integral. Rev Científica Cienc y Tecnol [Internet]. 2018; 40(8):1-9. Available from: http://www.revistaespacios.com/a19v40n08/a19v40n08p09.pdf
Berberian AP, Krüger SI, Miranda BA, Guarinello AC, Costa LDV, Silva DV da, et al. Inclusão de alunos com deficiência em uma Universidade particular de Curitiba. Distúrbios da Comun [Internet]. 2017;29(4):749-758. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322904397_Inclusao_de_alunos_com_deficiencia_em_uma_Universidade_particular_de_Curitiba
Valenzuela B. La inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad en educación superior chilena, factores favorecedores y obstaculizadores para su acceso y permanencia. [tesis en internet].2016; [cited 2020 Oct 11]. Available from: https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/44844/26357082.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y
Fernandes ACR, de Oliveira MCSL, Almeida L da S. Inclusão de estudantes com deficiências na universidade: Estudo em uma universidade Portuguesa. Psicol Esc e Educ [Internet]. 2016;(20) 3:483–492. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/pee/a/qkMLxjQ6XKMzyBrpsH9KL6c/?format=pdf&lang=pt
Martínez B. Pobreza, discapacidad y derechos humanos [Internet]. Madrid: cinca; 2011 [cited 2020 Nov 20]. 278 p. Available from: https://www.cedid.es/redis/index.php/redis/article/view/33
Rocha MR, Cruz M, Pérez-Rodríguez MC, Maendoza JG. Pobreza y discapacidad , un vínculo para estudiar a fondo. Waxapa [Internet]. 2014; 6(10): 18–25. Available from: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/waxapa/wax-2014/wax1410d.pdf
Meléndez RE. Educación inclusiva y discapacidad en Costa Rica: una perspectiva desde las políticas públicas. Actual Investig en Educ [Internet]. 2018; 18(2): 484-511. Available from: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-47032018000200484&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Moriña A, Carballo R. University and inclusive education: Recommendations from the voice of spanish students with disabilities. Educ e Soc [Internet]. 2020; (41): 1–16. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/es/a/8FfyyvMsGG6KPYgLfmZ7w4k/?format=pdf&lang=es
Arizabaleta SL, Ochoa AF. Hacia una educación superior inclusiva en Colombia. Pedagog y Saberes [Internet]. 2016;45(5):41-52. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/pys/n45/n45a05.pdf
Morin E. Los siete saberes necesarios para la educación del futuro [Internet]. Unesco. 1999. 72 p. Available from: https://www.ideassonline.org/public/pdf/LosSieteSaberesNecesariosParaLaEdudelFuturo.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mila Inés Moreno Pramatárova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
