POEMS syndrome. An unusual case with organomegaly, monoclonal gammopathy and thyroid endocrinopathy. Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, and Skin Changes) is a rare and complex disease associated with plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma. It is characterized by a series of clinical manifestations that affect multiple systems in the body, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Objective: Describe the clinical manifestations and diagnostic management of POEMS syndrome through a detailed presentation of a patient with this disease, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in its identification and treatment.

Case report:  A 54-year-old male patient with a history of multiple myeloma and tuberculosis was presented. During his evaluation, splenomegaly, thyroid dysfunction, and monoclonal gammopathy were identified. The patient exhibited symptoms of polyneuropathy, including muscle weakness and sensory disturbances. Laboratory analyses confirmed the presence of monoclonal proteins, and imaging studies demonstrated organomegaly.

Discussion: POEMS syndrome presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis and management. Early identification of monoclonal proteins is crucial, and a multidisciplinary approach is required, including thorough physical examinations, laboratory analyses, and imaging studies. This case illustrates the importance of timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, highlighting that collaboration among medical specialties is essential to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the quality of life for patients affected by this complex condition.

Conclusion: The presented case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexity of POEMS syndrome, characterized by its multisystem presentation that includes organomegaly, monoclonal gammopathy, endocrinopathies, and peripheral neuropathy.