Modelo de planificación sanitaria en el Ecuador a través de un Sistema Geoespacial de Inteligencia Colectiva
Resumen
Resumen: en los países en vía de desarrollo, la administración pública responsables del bienestar de sus ciudadanos, tienen entre sus prioridades optimizar los servicios de salud, apremiados por el incremento sostenido en la demanda de atención que depende, entre varios factores, del crecimiento poblacional y las limitadas asignaciones económicas que exigen obtener el máximo rendimiento de la asignación de recursos materiales y/o humanos. Esta situación es más patente en países pequeños, carentes de industria propia que facilite el acceso a tratamientos y tecnología de punta, convirtiendo estos insumos básicos en la prestación de servicios de salud, en recursos de importación, de mayor coste y por tanto de acceso limitado a un grupo selecto de la población. Para optimizar la planificación de la infraestructura y los recursos sanitarios, la combinación conocimientoterritorio cumple un papel determinante en la asignación de recursos humanos, financieros y tecnológicos. En este trabajo, se presenta una herramienta geoespacial de inteligencia colectiva denominada “SIGIC”, que contribuye a mejorar la distribución territorial de los servicios de salud en el Ecuador. El modelo propuesto, se fundamenta en una aproximación de un sistema geoespacial que se articula con mecanismos de inteligencia colectiva y artificial y permite, además, disponer de patrones geoespaciales prospectivos sobre distribución territorial para asignar equipos, insumos y servicios de salud en relación con la disponibilidad, accesibilidad y necesidad de la población.
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Citas
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2. OECD. Health at a Glance 2013 [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Health-at-a-Glance-2013.pdf
3. Bodenheimer T. High and Rising Health Care Costs. Part 2: Technologic Innovation. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:932–7.
4. Kim JY, Farmer P, Porter ME. Redefining global health-care delivery.Lancet [Internet]. 2013 Sep 21 [cited 2014 May 23];382(9897):1060–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23697823
5. Medina J, Ortegón E. Manual de prospectiva y decisión estratégica: bases teóricas e instrumentos para América Latina y el Caribe [Internet]. CEPAL-Naci. 2007 [cited 2014 Apr 3]. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?hl=es&lr=&id=AqoF3DX3ZFMC&pgis=1
6. Baker GR, Brooks N, Anderson G, Brown A, McKillop I, Murray M, et al. Healthcare performance measurement in Canada: who’s doingwhat? Hosp Q [Internet]. Jan [cited 2014 Apr 2];2(2):22–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10621171
7. Fazekas M, Ettelt S, Newbould J, Nolte E. Framework for assessing, improving and enhancing health service planning. 2010.
8. Green A. An Introduction to Health Planning for Developing Health Systems [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 2007 [cited 2014 Apr 2]. 397 p. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=ewAAqk8QgFAC&pgis=1
9. Chorny AH. Planificación en Salud: viejas ideas en nuevos ropajes. Cuad medicos Soc. 1998;73:23–44.
10. Schuurman N, Randall E, Berube M. A spatial decision support tool for estimating population catchments to aid rural and remote health service allocation planning. Health Informatics J [Internet]. 2011 Dec [cited 2014 Mar 25];17(4):277–93. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193828
11. Shim JP, Warketin M, Courtney JF, Power DJ, Sharda R, Carlsson C. Past, present, and future of decision support technology. Decis Support Syst. 2002;931:1–16.
12. Dur F, Yigitcanlar T, Bunker J. A decision support system for sustainable urban development : the integrated land use and transportation indexing model. Proceedings of the Postgraduate Infrastructure Conference. 2009.
13. Turban E. Decision Support and Expert Systems: Management Support Systems [Internet]. Prentice Hall PTR; 1990 [cited 2014 May 13]. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=542112
14. Keenan PB. Spatial Decision Support Systems : A coming of age by. Control Cybern. 2006;35(1).
15. Gudes O, Kendall E, Yigitcanlar T, Pathak V, Baum S. Rethinking health planning: a framework for organising information to underpin collaborative health planning. HIMJ [Internet]. 2010 Jan;39(2):18–29. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577020
16. Mooney G, Fohtung NG. Issues in the measurement of social determinants of health. HIM J [Internet]. 2008 Jan;37(3):26–32. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18941263
17. Di Zio S, Pacinelli A. Opinion convergence in location: A spatial version of the Delphi method. Technol Forecast Soc Change [Internet]. 2011 Nov [cited 2014 May 23];78(9):1565–78. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162510002143
18. Gnatzy T, Warth J, von der Gracht H, Darkow I-L. Validating an innovative real-time Delphi approach-A methodological comparison between real-time and conventional Delphi studies. Technol Forecast Soc Change [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2011 Nov [cited 2014 May 23];78(9):1681–94. Available from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040162511000813
19. Hsieh C, Tzeng F, Wu C, Kao J, Lai Y. The Comparison of Online Delphi and Real-Time Delphi. 2011;7–9.
20. Monguet JM, Gutiérrez A, Ferruzca M, Alatriste Y, Martínez C, Córdoba C, et al. Organizational Integration of Enterprise Systems and Resources [Internet]. Varajão JEQA de S, Cruz-Cunha MM, Trigo A, editors. IGI Global; 2012 [cited 2014 May 23]. Available from: http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/content/66985
21. Barrera Guarin E, Escobar JE. Un enfoque fuzzy para la prospectiva Delphi. Ing Desarro Univ del Norte.2003;14:1–23.
22. Marín Morales RL, Palma Méndez JT. Inteligencia artificial: técnicas, métodosy aplicaciones [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from: http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro? codigo=370066
23. García R. Interdisciplinariedad y sistemas complejos [Internet]. Revista Latinoamericana de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales; 2011 [cited 2014 May 26]. Available from: http://contenidosabiertos.academica.mx/jspui/handle/987654321/504
24. Goodchild MF, Yuan M, Cova TJ. Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS. Int J Geogr Inf Sci [Internet]. Taylor & Francis; 2007 Mar [cited 2014 May 23];21(3):239–60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810600965271
25. Emsellem K, Liziard S, Scarella F. Lagéoprospective : l’émergence d’un nouveau champ de recherche ? [Internet]. L’Espace géographique. Belin; 2012 [cited 2014 May 23].p.154–68. Available from: http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=EG_412_0154
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27. Voiron-Canicio C. L’anticipation du changement en prospective et des changements spatiaux en géoprospective [Internet]. L’Espace géographique. Belin; 2012 [cited 2014 May 23]. p. 99. Available from: http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=EG_412_0099
28. Castillo Rosas JD, Nuñez A, Monguet JM, Jimenez A. Towards a Collective Spatial Analysis: proposal of a new paradigm for supporting the spatial decision-making from a Geoprospective approach. GISTAM 2015. 2015.
29. Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Datos esenciales de salud: Una mirada a la década 2000-2010. 2012.
30. Lucio R, Villacrés N, Henríquez R. Sistema de salud de Ecuador. Salud Publica Mex. 2011;53(1):177–87.
31. GeoSalud - Ministerio de salud Publica del Ecuador [Internet]. [cited 2015 Sep 28]. Available from: https://geosalud.msp.gob.ec/
Publicado
2016-05-20
Cómo citar
1.
Jiménez Vélez AF, Castillo Rosas JD, Monguet Fierro JM. Modelo de planificación sanitaria en el Ecuador a través de un Sistema Geoespacial de Inteligencia Colectiva. Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito) [Internet]. 20 de mayo de 2016 [citado 3 de julio de 2024];39(2):11-7. Disponible en: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CIENCIAS_MEDICAS/article/view/1138
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