Cartographic platformization situated cognition and Artificial Intelligence maps
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Abstract
This paper aims to understand the processes of cartographic platformization and its central role in urban information storage, transmission, and processing systems. In particular, the study explores one of the ubiquitous media infrastructures (Google Maps) and follows the links between maps and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Firstly, the research recovers genealogical roots of the integration of situated cognition principles into symbolic and subsymbolic AI paradigms. This examination –supported by an academic literature review– identifies and describes the relationships between distributed and collective cognitive processes and their importance for cartography processes of cities. Secondly, based on a critical documentary analysis, the study addresses genealogical dimensions of Google Maps. Particularly, the essay examines the conditions that make possible the emergence of map platformization, as well as the technological frameworks that support the processing of urban Big Data. Finally, the paper scrutinizes AI services in maps by problematizing the platform's operations on digital, shared and cognitive labour of crowdsourcing. To this end, the essay revisits the Local Guides program with a twofold approach: on the one hand, the research takes examples from the platform's gray literature and, on the other hand, it attempts to reconstruct some platform’s power operations using digital methods on reviews (of Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina). The paper contributes to reconstruct epistemic conditions and forces relations behind cartographic platformization processes that affect our cities in contemporary capitalism.
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