SCADA Systems, Applications in Water Treatment Plants along the Ecuadorian Coast Region, Case study: El Empalme Municipality
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work describes the design of a SCADA system to improve the drinking water service in the municipality of El Empalme Canton, Ecuador. It outlines the design phases, criteria for analyzing the automation status of the plant, automation design, and device selection. The SCADA system, which uses PLCs, sensors, and pumps connected via the ModBus TCP protocol, enhanced operational efficiency, reduced response times, and contributed to the quality of the final product. Issues such as imbalances in panel protections and extended response times were addressed through simulation of the automation model.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
[1] A. Rezai, P. Keshavarzi, and Z. Moravej, “Key management issue in SCADA networks: A review,” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 20, no. 1. Elsevier B.V., pp. 354–363, Feb. 01, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2016.08.011.
[2] E. Luiijf, M. Ali, and A. Zielstra, “Assessing and improving SCADA security in the Dutch drinking water sector,” International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, vol. 4, no. 3–4, pp. 124–134, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2011.08.002.
[3] K. Saravanan, E. Anusuya, R. Kumar, and L. H. Son, “Real-time water quality monitoring using Internet of Things in SCADA,” Environ Monit Assess, vol. 190, no. 9, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6914-x.
[4] G. Yadav and K. Paul, “Architecture and security of SCADA systems: A review,” International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, vol. 34. Elsevier B.V., Sep. 01, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2021.100433.
[5] R. R. R. Barbosa and A. Pras, “Intrusion Detection in SCADA Networks,” 2010, pp. 163–166. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13986-4_23.
[6] D. Babunski, E. Zaev, A. Tuneski, and D. Bozovic, “Optimization methods for water supply SCADA system,” in 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), IEEE, Jun. 2018, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/MECO.2018.8405970.
[7] A. Panchal, K. Dagade, S. Tamhane, K. Pawar, and P. Ghadge, “Automated Water Supply System and Water Theft Identification Using PLC and SCADA,” 2014. [Online]. Available: www.ijera.com
[8] D. Ecob, “PLCs and SCADA - a water industry experience,” in IEE Colloquium on `Application of Advanced PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) Systems with Specific Experiences from Water Treatment’, IEE, 1995, pp. 6–6. doi: 10.1049/ic:19950742.
[9] A. Archana and B. Yadav, “PLC & SCADA based automation of filter house, a section of Water Treatment Plant,” in 2012 1st International Conference on Emerging Technology Trends in Electronics, Communication & Networking, IEEE, Dec. 2012, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ET2ECN.2012.6470057.
[10] E. Ahmad Zaki Hamidi, M. Ridlo Effendi, and H. Ash Shiddiq, “Design and Implementation Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) of Sedimentation Process of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) by Using Raspberry PI 3 B,” in 2018 4th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), IEEE, Jul. 2018, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/ICWT.2018.8527736.
[11] H. A. Umachagi, P. Kulkarni, and M. Bilagikar, “Implementation of Automated Water Supply and Distribution using PLC and SCADA,” in 2020 IEEE Bangalore Humanitarian Technology Conference (B-HTC), IEEE, Oct. 2020, pp. 1–3. doi: 10.1109/B-HTC50970.2020.9297887.
[12] E. A. Z. Hamidi, T. Gustiana, M. R. Effendi, and P. A. M. Hambali, “Design and Implementation Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) of Flocculation Process of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Using Raspberry Pi,” in 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), IEEE, Jul. 2019, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/ICWT47785.2019.8978240.
[13] D. Babunski, E. Zaev, A. Tuneski, and D. Bozovic, “Optimization methods for water supply SCADA system,” in 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), IEEE, Jun. 2018, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/MECO.2018.8405970.
[14] Andrade-Cedeño, R. (2020). Módulo didáctico para controlar nivel y caudal de agua, mediante sistema SCADA, PLC y algoritmo PID. RIEMAT 2019, 4, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2196
[15] Karnik, N., Bora, U., Bhadri, K., Kadambi, P., & Dhatrak, P. (2022). A comprehensive study on current and future trends towards the characteristics and enablers of industry 4.0. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 27, 100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100294
[16] Parashar, B., Sharma, R., Rana, G., Balaji, R.D. (2023). Foundation Concepts for Industry 4.0. In: Nayyar, A., Naved, M., Rameshwar, R. (eds) New Horizons for Industry 4.0 in Modern Business. Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20443-2_3.
[17] Nechibvute, A., & Mafukidze, H. D. (2023). Integration of SCADA and Industrial IoT: Opportunities and Challenges. IETE Technical Review, 41(3), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2023.2246426
[18] Eden, P. et al. (2017). SCADA System Forensic Analysis Within IIoT. In: Thames, L., Schaefer, D. (eds) Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0. Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50660-9_4
[19] Suryadarma, E., & Ai, T. (2020). Predictive Maintenance in SCADA-Based Industries: A literature review. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.24002/ijieem.v2i1.4368
[20] W. Udo and Y. Muhammad, "Data-Driven Predictive Maintenance of Wind Turbine Based on SCADA Data," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 162370-162388, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3132684.
[21] G. Falco, C. Caldera and H. Shrobe, "IIoT Cybersecurity Risk Modeling for SCADA Systems," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 4486-4495, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2822842.
[22] A. Sajid, H. Abbas and K. Saleem, "Cloud-Assisted IoT-Based SCADA Systems Security: A Review of the State of the Art and Future Challenges," in IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 1375-1384, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2549047.