Toxemia del embarazo, calcio y prostaglandinas: una revisión
Resumen
Se destaca que la toxemia del embarazo es un grave problema de salud en Ecuador, constituyendo la primera causa de mortalidad materna. Se revisan las diferentes observaciones epidemiológicas y experimentales que han llevado a proponer una relación causal entre ingesta de calcio y toxemia gravídica, así como la relación entre concentraciones de calcio e hipertensión arterial.
Se analiza el papel del calcio ionico en la producción de prostaglandinas y la posible participación de éstas en la génesis de la enfermedad. Finalmente, los autores discuten la posibilidad de una relación directa entre ingesta de calcio, concentraciones séricas del mineral, producción de prostaglandinas y presentación de la toxemia del embarazo. (Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 9 :39,1984).
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1. Speeroff, L.: Toxemia of pregnancy. Mechanism and therapeutic management. Am. J. Cardiol., 32:582,1973.
2. Jijón, A.: Mortalidad Materna. Memorias del VII Congreso Ecuatoriano de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Quito, Ecuador, 1983.
3. Bucheli, R., Durango, M., y Unda, R.: Estudio de pre—eclampsia y eclampsia en la “Maternidad Isidro Ayora” 1973—1977. En: I Anuaria de Investigaciones. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1982.
4. Belizan, J . M. and Villar, J.: The relationship between calcium intake and edema —proteinuria and hypertension—gestosis: An Hypothesis. Am . J. Clin. Nutr., 33: 2202, 1980.
5- Pitkin. R. M.: Calcium metabolism in pregnancy: A review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 121: 724,197.
6. Pitkin, R. M. and Gebhardt, M. P.: Serum calcium concentrations in human pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 127: 775,1977.
7. Pitkin, R. M., Reynolds, W. A. and Williams, G. A.: Calcium metabolism in normal pregnancy: A longitudinal stuáy.Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol., 133: 781,1979.
8. Pitkin, R. M., Crvikshank, D. P., Schaiiberger, C. W., Reynolds, A., Williams, G. A* and Hargis, G. K.: Hormonas calcitropicas fetales y Homeostasis neonatal del calcio. Pedfatrics (Ed. Esp.) 10: 37,1980.
9. Reitz, R. E., Daane, T. A., Woods, J. R. and Weinstein, R. L.: Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and paratyroid hormone interrelationships in pregnancy and new borns infants. Obst. Gynecol., 50: 701, 1977.
10. Cushard, W. G., Greditor, M. A., Canterbury, J. M. and Reiss, E.: Physiology hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl., 34: 767,1972.
11. Gallaher, J. C. and Wilkinson, R.: The effect of ethinyloestradiol on calcium and phosphorus metabolism on post—menopausal women with primary hiperparathyroidism. Clin. Sci., 45: 785,1973.
12. Samaan, N. A., Anderson, G. D. and Adam- Mayne, M. E.: Imnunoreactive calcitonin in the mother, neonate, child and adult. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 121: 622,1975.
13. Wezeman, F. II. and Reynolds, W. A.: Stability of fetal calcium levels and bone metabolism after maternal administrarion of thyrocalcitonin. Endocrinology, 89: 445,1971.
14. Boass, A., Toverud, S. U., McCain, T. A.* Pike, J. W. and Haussler, M. R.: Elevated serum levels of 1, 25—Dihydroxycholecaliferol in lactating rats. Nature, 267: 630, 1977.
15. Tanaka, Y., Castillo, L. and DeLuca, H. F.: Control of renal Vitamin D hydroxilases in birds by sex hormones. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci USA 73: 2701,1976.
16. Spanos, E., Colston, K.W., Evans, I. M., Galantee, L. S., Mac Auley, S. J. and Mclntyre, I.: Effect of prolactin on Vitamin D metabolism. Molec. Cell. Endocrinol., 5, 163, 1976.
17. Duggin, G. G., Lyneham, R. C., Dale, M. E., Evans, R. A. and Tiller, D. J.: Calcium balance in pregnancy. Lancet, 2: 926,1974.
18. Food and Nutrition Board: Recommended dietary allowances. National Academy of Science— National Research Council, 1974.
19. Chaudhuri, S. K.: Calcium deficiency and toxemia of pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (India) 19: 313,1969.
20. Hamlin, R. H. J.: Prevention of preeelampsia. Lancet, 1: 864,1962.
21. Masironi, R.: Cardiovascular mortality in relation to radioactivity and hardness of local water supplies in the USA. Bull. World Health Organization, 43: 487,1970.
22. Stitt, F. W., Grawford, M. D., Clayton, D. G. and Norrid, J. N.: Clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disease among men living in hard and soft water areas. Lancet, 1: 122,1973.
23. Masircniy R., Koirtyohann, S. A., Pierce, J. O. 3nd Schamschula, R. G.: Calcium content of river water, trace element concentration in toenails, and blood pressure in village populations in New Guinea. Sci. Total Envirón., 6: 41,1976.
24. Langford, H. G.andWatson, R. L.: Electrolytes, enviroment and blood pressure. -Clin. Sci. Molec. Med., 45; 1115,1973.
25. Kesteloot, H. and Geboers, J.: Calcium and blood pressure. Lancet, 1: 813,1982.
26. Robinson, D., Bailey, A. R. and Williams, P. T.: Calcio y tensión arterial. The Lancet (Ed. Esp.) 2:303, 1983.
27. McCarron, D. A.: Low serum concentrations of ionized calcium in patients with hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med., 307: 226,1982.
28. Kobayashi, J.: On the influence of NaCL, Nag SO^ and Ca COq on the life and blood pressure of rats. Jap. K. Kyp., 23: 106, 1968.
29. Wright, G. L., Toraason, N. A.^ Barbe, J. J. and Crouse, W.: The concentrations of ionic and total calcium in plasma of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. jCan. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 58: 1494,1980.
30. McCarron, D. A., Young, N. N., Ugoretz, B. A. and Krutzik, S.: Disturbanccs of calcium metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive
rat. Hypertension. 3: Suppl. 1: 162, 1981.
31. Belizan. J. M.* Pinedaj O., Sainz, E., Menendez, L. A. and Villar, J.: Rise of blood - pressure in calcium—dcprived pregnant rats. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 14-1: 163,1981.
32. Rubin, R. P. and Laychock, S. G.: Prostaglandins, calcium and cyclic nucleotides in stimulus— response coupling. In: Calcium in Drug
Action (G. B. Weiss, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 135,1978.
33. Brockerhoff, II., and Jensen, R. G.: Lypolytic Enzymes. Academic Press, New Yor!^, pp. 194,1974.
34. Rubin, R. P. and Laychock, S. G.: Prostaglandins and calcium membrane interactions in secretory glands. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 307: 377,1978.
35. Jesse, R. L. and Franson, R. C.: Modulation of purified phospholipase A^ from human platelets by calcium and indomethacin. Biochim. Acta 575: 467,1979.
36. Schrey, M. P. and Rubin, R. P.: Characterizatión of a calcium mediated activation of arachidónic acid tumovér in adrenal phospholipids by corticotropin. J. Biol. Chem., 254: 11, 1979.
37. Rubín, R. P., Sink, L. E., and Freer, R. J.: On the relationship between the formylmethionyl—leucyl—phenylalanine stimulation of arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol turnover and lysosomal enzyrne secretion by rabbit neutrophils. Mol. Pharmacol., 19: 31, 1981.
38. Náor, Z. and Catt, K. J.: Mechanism of action of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Involvement of phospholipid in luteinizing hormone
release. /. Biol. Chem., 256: 2226, 1981.
39. Pickett, W. C., Jesse, R. L. adn Cohén, P.: Initiation of phospholipase A2 activity in human platelets by the calcium ionophore A23187. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 486: 209, 1977.
40. Rubin, R. P., Sink, L. E. and Freer, R. J.: Activation of arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol tumover in rabbit neutropliils by the calcium
ionophore A23187. Biochem. J., 194: 497, 1981.
2. Jijón, A.: Mortalidad Materna. Memorias del VII Congreso Ecuatoriano de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Quito, Ecuador, 1983.
3. Bucheli, R., Durango, M., y Unda, R.: Estudio de pre—eclampsia y eclampsia en la “Maternidad Isidro Ayora” 1973—1977. En: I Anuaria de Investigaciones. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1982.
4. Belizan, J . M. and Villar, J.: The relationship between calcium intake and edema —proteinuria and hypertension—gestosis: An Hypothesis. Am . J. Clin. Nutr., 33: 2202, 1980.
5- Pitkin. R. M.: Calcium metabolism in pregnancy: A review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 121: 724,197.
6. Pitkin, R. M. and Gebhardt, M. P.: Serum calcium concentrations in human pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 127: 775,1977.
7. Pitkin, R. M., Reynolds, W. A. and Williams, G. A.: Calcium metabolism in normal pregnancy: A longitudinal stuáy.Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol., 133: 781,1979.
8. Pitkin, R. M., Crvikshank, D. P., Schaiiberger, C. W., Reynolds, A., Williams, G. A* and Hargis, G. K.: Hormonas calcitropicas fetales y Homeostasis neonatal del calcio. Pedfatrics (Ed. Esp.) 10: 37,1980.
9. Reitz, R. E., Daane, T. A., Woods, J. R. and Weinstein, R. L.: Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and paratyroid hormone interrelationships in pregnancy and new borns infants. Obst. Gynecol., 50: 701, 1977.
10. Cushard, W. G., Greditor, M. A., Canterbury, J. M. and Reiss, E.: Physiology hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl., 34: 767,1972.
11. Gallaher, J. C. and Wilkinson, R.: The effect of ethinyloestradiol on calcium and phosphorus metabolism on post—menopausal women with primary hiperparathyroidism. Clin. Sci., 45: 785,1973.
12. Samaan, N. A., Anderson, G. D. and Adam- Mayne, M. E.: Imnunoreactive calcitonin in the mother, neonate, child and adult. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 121: 622,1975.
13. Wezeman, F. II. and Reynolds, W. A.: Stability of fetal calcium levels and bone metabolism after maternal administrarion of thyrocalcitonin. Endocrinology, 89: 445,1971.
14. Boass, A., Toverud, S. U., McCain, T. A.* Pike, J. W. and Haussler, M. R.: Elevated serum levels of 1, 25—Dihydroxycholecaliferol in lactating rats. Nature, 267: 630, 1977.
15. Tanaka, Y., Castillo, L. and DeLuca, H. F.: Control of renal Vitamin D hydroxilases in birds by sex hormones. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci USA 73: 2701,1976.
16. Spanos, E., Colston, K.W., Evans, I. M., Galantee, L. S., Mac Auley, S. J. and Mclntyre, I.: Effect of prolactin on Vitamin D metabolism. Molec. Cell. Endocrinol., 5, 163, 1976.
17. Duggin, G. G., Lyneham, R. C., Dale, M. E., Evans, R. A. and Tiller, D. J.: Calcium balance in pregnancy. Lancet, 2: 926,1974.
18. Food and Nutrition Board: Recommended dietary allowances. National Academy of Science— National Research Council, 1974.
19. Chaudhuri, S. K.: Calcium deficiency and toxemia of pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (India) 19: 313,1969.
20. Hamlin, R. H. J.: Prevention of preeelampsia. Lancet, 1: 864,1962.
21. Masironi, R.: Cardiovascular mortality in relation to radioactivity and hardness of local water supplies in the USA. Bull. World Health Organization, 43: 487,1970.
22. Stitt, F. W., Grawford, M. D., Clayton, D. G. and Norrid, J. N.: Clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disease among men living in hard and soft water areas. Lancet, 1: 122,1973.
23. Masircniy R., Koirtyohann, S. A., Pierce, J. O. 3nd Schamschula, R. G.: Calcium content of river water, trace element concentration in toenails, and blood pressure in village populations in New Guinea. Sci. Total Envirón., 6: 41,1976.
24. Langford, H. G.andWatson, R. L.: Electrolytes, enviroment and blood pressure. -Clin. Sci. Molec. Med., 45; 1115,1973.
25. Kesteloot, H. and Geboers, J.: Calcium and blood pressure. Lancet, 1: 813,1982.
26. Robinson, D., Bailey, A. R. and Williams, P. T.: Calcio y tensión arterial. The Lancet (Ed. Esp.) 2:303, 1983.
27. McCarron, D. A.: Low serum concentrations of ionized calcium in patients with hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med., 307: 226,1982.
28. Kobayashi, J.: On the influence of NaCL, Nag SO^ and Ca COq on the life and blood pressure of rats. Jap. K. Kyp., 23: 106, 1968.
29. Wright, G. L., Toraason, N. A.^ Barbe, J. J. and Crouse, W.: The concentrations of ionic and total calcium in plasma of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. jCan. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 58: 1494,1980.
30. McCarron, D. A., Young, N. N., Ugoretz, B. A. and Krutzik, S.: Disturbanccs of calcium metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive
rat. Hypertension. 3: Suppl. 1: 162, 1981.
31. Belizan. J. M.* Pinedaj O., Sainz, E., Menendez, L. A. and Villar, J.: Rise of blood - pressure in calcium—dcprived pregnant rats. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 14-1: 163,1981.
32. Rubin, R. P. and Laychock, S. G.: Prostaglandins, calcium and cyclic nucleotides in stimulus— response coupling. In: Calcium in Drug
Action (G. B. Weiss, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 135,1978.
33. Brockerhoff, II., and Jensen, R. G.: Lypolytic Enzymes. Academic Press, New Yor!^, pp. 194,1974.
34. Rubin, R. P. and Laychock, S. G.: Prostaglandins and calcium membrane interactions in secretory glands. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 307: 377,1978.
35. Jesse, R. L. and Franson, R. C.: Modulation of purified phospholipase A^ from human platelets by calcium and indomethacin. Biochim. Acta 575: 467,1979.
36. Schrey, M. P. and Rubin, R. P.: Characterizatión of a calcium mediated activation of arachidónic acid tumovér in adrenal phospholipids by corticotropin. J. Biol. Chem., 254: 11, 1979.
37. Rubín, R. P., Sink, L. E., and Freer, R. J.: On the relationship between the formylmethionyl—leucyl—phenylalanine stimulation of arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol turnover and lysosomal enzyrne secretion by rabbit neutrophils. Mol. Pharmacol., 19: 31, 1981.
38. Náor, Z. and Catt, K. J.: Mechanism of action of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Involvement of phospholipid in luteinizing hormone
release. /. Biol. Chem., 256: 2226, 1981.
39. Pickett, W. C., Jesse, R. L. adn Cohén, P.: Initiation of phospholipase A2 activity in human platelets by the calcium ionophore A23187. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 486: 209, 1977.
40. Rubin, R. P., Sink, L. E. and Freer, R. J.: Activation of arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol tumover in rabbit neutropliils by the calcium
ionophore A23187. Biochem. J., 194: 497, 1981.
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2017-06-16
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1.
López Jaramillo P, Narváez M, Álvarez M, Yépez R. Toxemia del embarazo, calcio y prostaglandinas: una revisión. Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito) [Internet]. 16 de junio de 2017 [citado 3 de mayo de 2024];9(1-2):39-45. Disponible en: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CIENCIAS_MEDICAS/article/view/536
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