Estudio de factores de riesgo para transmisión de leishmaniosis cutánea americana en una área endémica de la Provincia de Pichincha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/ciencias_medicas.v42i1.1575Keywords:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, risk factors, Pichincha, epidemiology, attitudes, knowledge, practicesAbstract
Context: In Ecuador, American cutaneous leishmaniasis is reported in 20 of 22 provinces, with an annual incidence of 3,000 to 4,500 cases. In the Province of Pichincha, this clinical form of leishmaniasis has spread to the tropical zones of the northwest and the epidemiological knowledge is meager.
Objective: to investigate the epidemiological profile and risk factors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Material and methods: The study carried out in the Province of Pichincha involved 1081 individuals, through the application of a survey with epidemiological variables related to the parasite, evaluation of attitudes, knowledge and practices of the population about the disease.
Results: 15.7% of the respondents suffered from American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the past. The presence of canids (56.4%) and poultry (37%) were observed in the immediate vicinity of the dwellings. Garbage collection benefits 86.7% of properties, where 87.7% of inhabitants remain between 18 to 22 hours a day. 51.9% of respondents routinely use insecticides for vector control. 70.4% know about American cutaneous leishmaniasis
and 25.6% know how to prevent it by chemical control (12%), physical control (18.9%), peridomiciliary cleaning (11.7%) and adequate site selection to build houses far from vegetation (2.2%).
Conclusion: It is mandatory to initiate educational campaigns to improve knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices.
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