Manufacture of biodegradable material based on thermoplastic polymers combined with short flax fibers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study analyzes the characteristics and the parameters necessary for the manufacture of a biodegradable composite material through the processes of extrusion, crushing and injection in order to optimize the mechanical properties of the composite material obtained. The thermoplastic polymers used as polymer matrix are polylactic acid (PLA), Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and a thermoplastic with starch base. Also, short flax fiber was used as reinforcement, with a length less than 3mm in length. The process of obtaining the composite material begins with the transformation of the biopolymer mixture combined with flax fiber, in a twin screw extruder for thermoplastics, where a filament of bio-composite material is obtained, which is crushed to obtain granulated material or pellets; the next process has been to transform the pellets of the composite material, by injection, into rectangular sheets with dimensions of 180 x 200 mm and thickness of 2.5 mm. To process the material in the mixing screw of the extruder, the melting temperature of the material must be maintained according to the study carried out in the differential scanning calorimetry tests. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), shows a range of temperatures where heat flow peaks occur, this test consists in progressively raising the temperature of the material and comparing the exothermic or endothermic processes present in the material, with this test they are obtained the glass transition, melting and degradation temperatures of the thermoplastic matrix, the appropriate handling values were: PLA (167.16 ° C), PHBV (178.62 ° C) and Starch Compound (142.71 ° C) , the parameters of temperature and pressure of injection are determined, these variables are essential to guarantee the manufacture of the different samples of composite material and in later stages destructive tests are carried out to examine the result in the mechanical properties of the biodegradable composite material.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
References
Arias, A., et al. (2017). Rheological study of crystallization behavior of polylactide and its flax fiber composites. Journal of Polymer Research, 24(3), 46. doi: 10.1007/s10965-017-1210-y
Armentano, I., et al. (2015). Processing and characterization of plasticized PLA/PHB blends for biodegradable multiphase systems. Express Polymer Letters, 9(7), 583-596. doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.55
Bajpai, P. K., Singh, I. and Madaan, J. (2014). Development and characterization of PLA-based green composites: A review. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 27 (1), 52–81.
Bax, B. (2008). Science And Impact and tensile properties of PLA/ Cordenka and PLA/. Flax composites, 68, 1601–1607.
Chang, I. Y. & Lees, J. K. (1988). Recent development in thermoplastic composites: a review of matrix systems and processing methods. Journal of thermoplastic composite materials, 1(3), 277-296. Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA
Da Silva Moura, A., Demori, R., Leão, R.M., Crescente Frankenberg, C.L. & Campomanes Santana, R.M. (2019) The influence of the coconut fiber treated as reinforcement in PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) composites. Materials Today Communications, 18, 191-198. ISSN 2352-4928. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.12.006
Fajardo, J. y Sinchi, J. (2018). Experimentación de los plásticos HDPE y PP reciclados como materia prima para la generación de mobiliario. Universidad del Azuay. Disponible en http://dspace.uazuay.edu.ec/handle/datos/8136
Gaska, K., et al. (2017). Electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of LDPE graphene nanoplatelets composites produced by means of melt extrusion process, Polymers. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 9(1), 11.
Oksman, K., Skrifvars, M. & Selin, J. F. (2003). Natural fibers as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Composites Science and Technology, 63(9), 1317-1324. doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9
PerkinElmer Inc. (2013). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) A Beginner’s Guide, FAQ. https://resources.perkinelmer.com/lab-solutions/resources/docs/GDE_DSCBeginnersGuide.pdf
Porras, A., Maranon, A. & Ashcroft, I. A. (2016). Thermo-mechanical characterization of Manicaria Saccifera natural fabric reinforced poly-lactic acid composite lamina. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 81, 105110. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.008.
Qian, S., Zhang, H., Yao, W. & Sheng, K. (2018). Effects of bamboo cellulose nanowhisker content on the morphology, crystallization, mechanical, and thermal properties of PLA matrix biocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 133, 203-209. ISSN 1359-8368. Doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.040
Quiles-Carrillo, L., Montanes, N., García-García, D., Carbonell-Verdu, A., Balart, R. & Torres-Giner, S. (2018). Effect of different compatibilizers on injection molded green composite pieces based on polylactide filled with almond shell flour. Composites Part B: Engineering, 147, 76-85. ISSN 1359-8368. Doi 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.017
Senthilkumar, K., et al. (2018). Mechanical properties evaluation of sisal fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 174, 713-729. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.143
Varvani-Farahani, A. (2010). Composite materials: Characterization, fabrication and application-research challenges and directions. Applied Composite Materials, 17(2), 63-67. doi: 10.1007/s10443-009-9107-5.
Weng, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, X. and Wang, Y. (2016). Biodegradation behavior of PHBV films in a pilot scale composting condition Biodegradation behavior of PHBV films in a pilot-scale composting condition. Polym. Test., 29(5), 579–587.
Yan, L., Chouw, N. y Jayaraman, K. (2014). Flax fiber and its composites A review. Composites Part B: Engineering, 56 (November 2017), 296-317. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.014