Analysis of the normative framework of circular economy in Ecuador about the plastics sector

Abstract

Worldwide, plastics industry is one of the most relevant productive sectors for generating employment, satisfying needs, and solving sanitary problems, among others. However, it generates a high negative impact on the environment, which causes health problems for humans, not only in its manufacture (due to the emission of greenhouse gases) but also due to the plastic waste generated for decades. Currently, plastic waste pollutes rivers, slopes, streams, oceans, and other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In the last 65 years, the increment of plastics outpaced any other manufactured material. An estimated 8.3 billion metric tons (Mt) of virgin plastics have been produced to date. In Ecuador, this situation is not different. Production, consumption, and generation of plastic waste has grown uncontrollably; for this reason, generation and application of regulations that rule the behavior of society is absolutely necessary and urgent. In this study, Ecuadorian regulatory framework is analyzed. It is also shown how Ecuadorian regulatory framework supports the transition from a Linear Economy to a Circular Economy in the plastics sector. Circular Economy is a global solution to the great pollution that plastic has generated for decades. In addition, this study shows an analysis of the Ecuadorian progress in the context of sustainability from the generation of Circular Economy policies. A case study was carried out based on the plastics industrial sector, as well as the level of application of the Ecuadorian policies (law and regulation). In conclusion, despite having a regulatory framework on the application of Circular Economy, it is not implemented. At a general level and in the plastic sector, initiatives, projects and alignments are aimed only at promoting recycling and the incorporation of post-consumer recycled materials in the manufacture of single-use products. This practice has fostered a comfort culture preventing society from applying of Circular Economy principles. Ecuadorians must initiate their cultural change not only in the integral management of waste but also applying production and import policies. These policies must be aligned with compliance with the principles of the Circular Economy and sustainable development.