VOD, vibration, and noise behavior when doubling the drilling section in small-scale mining
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The behavior of explosives was determined by comparing VOD, vibration and noise in 16 drilling and blasting tests in underground mining sections in horizontal advances of 4,84 m² compared to sections of 10,25 m², the type of rock characterized is resistant rock R4 to very resistant R5, located in the Zaruma-Malvas mining sector. Conventional ignition methods were used in tests No. 01 to 12 and assembled method in tests No. 13 to 16, where 4 combinations of explosives were identified between ANFO, Emulsions (6 "and 7" inches) and Agricultural Ammonium Nitrate as part of bait, bottom charge and column charge. A comparative analysis was carried out between the explosive initiation systems between conventional and assembled, revealing differences in blasting performance depending on the size of the section. In small sections (4,84 m²), the assembled system reduces vibration by 24,58% and noise by 3,93%, but decreases the velocity of detonation (VOD) by 2,53%. In large sections (10,25 m²), this system achieves a vibration reduction (47,11%), but increases noise (4,31%) and marginally increases VOD (0,04%). On the other hand, the conventional system demonstrates greater stability, improving VOD (+1,71%) and better controlling vibrations (−5,37%) in large sections, making it suitable for sensitive environments. Regarding the loading pattern, ANFO excels in small sections, reducing vibrations (92,9%) and noise (88,59%) compared to emulsions, although its effectiveness varies depending on the combination. However, when the section is doubled (10,25 m²), the assembled system shows an increase in vibrations (+55,13%) and noise (+4,47%), limiting its applicability. These results suggest that, while the assembled system can optimize fragmentation in large blasting operations, the conventional system offers a superior balance between performance and environmental impact control, especially in areas with vibration and noise restrictions.
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