Escasez de recursos minerales: consecuencias en la explotación, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo tecnológico
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El incremento de la población mundial y la demanda de tecnologías han aumentado de manera exponencial el consumo de recursos minerales, poniendo en riesgo su disponibilidad para las generaciones futuras. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el estado de la producción académica sobre la escasez de recursos y evaluar sus consecuencias en la explotación, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada usando las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y SciELO. Se analizaron 57 documentos que abordan temáticas como el impacto ambiental de la extracción, estrategias de reutilización, evaluaciones de criticidad y políticas de regulación de la actividad minera. Se concluye que los principales factores de la escasez de recursos están relacionados con la falta de normativa, la creciente demanda de nuevas tecnologías y discrepancia en los métodos de estimación de criticidad. Se advierte la necesidad de buscar alternativas de extracción y fomentar estrategias de recuperación de materiales.
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