Enfoque oncoplástico en el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del cáncer de mama. Una revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/rfcmq.v47i1.3260Palabras clave:
cáncer de mama, cirugía conservadora de mama, oncología radioterápica, cirugía estética reconstructiva, cirugía plásticaResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el más común en el mundo y constituye la principal causa de muerte en mujeres, no obstante, los avances terapéuticos han permitido aumentar sus tasas de supervivencia global, libre de enfermedad. Procurando una mejor calidad de vida surge la cirugía oncoplástica, que combina la cirugía plástica y reconstructiva en el manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de mama localmente avanzado, de mayor tamaño o con ubicación desfavorable, buscando mejorar el resultado estético sin perjuicio del resultado oncológico.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada del enfoque oncoplástico en el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del cáncer de mama, con el propósito de conocer sus resultados oncológicos y estéticos en comparación con los tratamientos quirúrgicos convencionales.
Metodología: La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Hinari, Cochrane y ScienceDirect. Seleccionando los artículos publicados durante los últimos 10 años, en inglés o español, que tuvieron relación con información relevante en el tratamiento quirúrgico oncoplástico conservador del cáncer de mama.
Resultados: Los criterios de búsqueda incluyeron artículos sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico oncoplástico conservador en mujeres con cáncer de mama primario, 99 artículos cumplieron los criterios, excluyéndose aquellos publicados hace más de 10 años, con metodología poco clara o no reproducible. Fueron elegibles 35 por ser relevantes al tema, publicados en revistas indexadas entre los años 2011 y 2021, permitiendo determinar los resultados clínicos, oncológicos y estéticos de la cirugía oncoplástica conservadora y contrastarlos con las técnicas convencionales.
Conclusión: La cirugía oncoplástica conservadora de mama es oncológicamente segura y equiparable a las cirugías convencionales (mastectomía total o parcial), ofreciendo resultados estéticos más satisfactorios y mejorando la calidad de vida de las pacientes.
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Derechos de autor 2022 RUTH PATRICIA HERNÁNDEZ CALDERÓN, Dra. Cecilia Balladares, Dr. Alberto López
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
