Hormonas placentarias
Abstract
Desde hace algunas décadas, varios investigadores entre los cuales podemos citar a Gay (1) y Watts (2), establecieron que la placenta es una fuente importante de producción de proteínas especificas del embarazo.
Varias hormonas se encuentran entre las proteínas específicas producidas por la placenta:
a) Gonadotrofina coriónica. b) Patógeno placentario o somatomamotrofina coriónica. c) Corticotropina coriónica d) Tirotrofina coriónica e) Hormona coriónica folículo — estimulante, y, f) Hormona placentaria útero—trópica.
Las proteínas del embarazo son sintetizadas en diversos organeros placentarios.
Las células multinucleadas de la capa externa del trofoblasto producen asteroides y hormonas peptídicas. Muchas de las estructuras celulares necesarias para la síntesis proteica se encuentran en esta capa: el retículo, endoplasmátlco (ribosomas), el cuerpo de Golgi i (que contiene proteasas) y las mitocondrias. La porción más extensa del trofoblasto forma microvellosidades que contienen vesículas y vacuolas.
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References
1.— Gey, G. O. Seegar, C. E. y Hellma, L. M. The production of a gonadotrophic sustance (prolan) by placental cells in tissue cultures. Science 88:306. 1938. *
2.— Waltz, H„ Tullner, W., Evans, V. y Earle, W.: Gonadotrophic hormone secretion from hydated mole growth in tissue cultures. J . Nati. Cáncer Inst. 14:1173,1954.
3.- Desking. R., Spicer, S y Greene, W.: Ultraestructural localizaron of chorionic gonadotropin in human term placenta. J; Histochem. Cytoche, 18:862, 1970.
4.— Ender, A.,: A comparatíve study of the fine structure of the trophoblast in severa! hemoschorial plácents. Am. Anato, 116:29, 1965.
5.- Fawcett, D., Long, J. y Jones, A.: The ultrastructure of endocrine glands. Recent Prog. Harm. Res. 25:315,1969.
6.— Steiner, D. F.: Peptide Hormone Precursor: Biosynthesis, Processing and significance. En Passons, J.: Peptide Hormones: Baltimore University Park Press, 1976, pp 49—65.
7.— Benagiano, G;, Pala A., Melsinha, M., Ermini, J.: Biosynthesis of human chorionic gonadotrophin In vitro: incorporaron of CI4 L—leucine. J. Endocrinol. 55:387,1972.
8.- Boraditsky, R. Reyes, F., Winter, J., y Faiman,C.: Serum human chorionicgonadotrophin and progesterone patterns in the last trimestres of pregnancy: Relationship to fetal sex. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121:238,1975.
9.— Hobsen, B., y W. de, L.: Chorionic gonadotrophin in the human placenta in relation to the sex of the featusat term. J. Endocrinol. 60:95,1974
10.- Spellacy, W„ Conly, Pl, Cleveland, W„ y Buhi, W.: Effects of Fetal sex and weight and placent weight on maternal serum progesterone and chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122:278,1975.
11.- Amoroso, E. C.: Endocrinology of pregnancy. Br. Med. BulI. 11:117,1955.
12.— Villeé. C., Van Leusden, H., y Zelawski, L.: The regulation of the biosynthesis of sterals and steroids in the placenta Adv. Enzyme Regul. 4:161,1966.
13.- Lauritzen, C., y Lehman, W.: Levelsof chorionic gonadotrophin in the newborn infant and their relationship to adrenal ehydroepiandrosterone y Endocrinol. 39: 173,1967.
14.— Abramovich, D„ Baker, T., y Neal, P.: Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone secretion by the fetal human testls ¡n organ culture. J . Endocrinol, 60:169,1974.
15.— Tulchinsky, D., y Ryan, K.: Maternal Fetal Éndocrinology, Philadelphía, W. G. Sanders Co„ 1980, p. 25.
16.— Grunibach, M„ Kaplan, s., Sciarra, J., y Burr, I.: Chorionic growth hormoneprolactin.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 148:501,1968.
17.- Tyson, J., Austin, K,, y Farinhalt, I.: Prolonged nutritional deprivation in pregnancy: changer in human chorionic comatomammotropin and growth hormone secretion. Am. J. Obstat. Gynecol. 109:1080,1971.
18.— Josimovich, J.,: Human placental lactogen. En: Fuchs, F. (Ed): Endocrinology of Pregnancy. New York, Harper & Row, 1977, pp. 191- 205.
19.— Friesen, H., Suwa, S „ y Pare, P.: Synthesis and secretion of placental lactogen and other proteins by the placenta. Recent. Prog. Horm. Res. 25:161,1969.
20.— England, P., y Lorrimer, D.,: Human Placental lactogen: The watchdog of fetal distress, Lancet 1:5,1974.
21.— Letchworth, A., y Charth T.: Placental Lactogen levels as a screening test fcr fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. Lancént 1:704, 1972.
22.— Spellacy, W„ Buhi, W., y Birk, S.: The effectiveness of human lactogen measurements as an adjunct in decreasing perinatal deaths. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121: 835, 1975.
23.— Vigneri, R.: Spontaneous fíuctations of human placental lactogen during normal pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 40:506, 1975.
24.— Singer, W.: Human placental lactogen, an Índex of placental function. Obstet & Gynecol. 36:222,1970.
25.— Yen, S. y Pearson, O.: Radioinmunoessay of serun chorionic gonadotrophin and placentallactogen on trophoblastíc disease. Obstet. Gynecol, 32: 86,1968.
26.—Liotta, A.: Presence of cortícotrophin in human placenta: demostration of in vitro synthesís. Endocrinology. 101: 1552,1977.
27.— Akasu, F.: Thyroid stimulating hormone extracted from human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn. 2:297,1955
28.— Nisula, B.: Thyroid stimulating activity and chorionic gonadotropin. J. Clin. Invest. 54: 494,1974.
29.— Tojo, S.: Human chorionic TSH during normal or molar pregnancy. Endocrinol. Jpn. 20: 505,1973.
30.— Maruo, T.: In vitro byosinthesis of human chorionic folliale stimulating hormone. Endocrinol. Jpn. 23: 65, 1976.
31.— Tojo, S.: Same biological properties of human chorionic fallicle stimulating hormone. Endocrinol. Jpn. 22: 585, 1977.
32.— Beas, F., y Flores, H.: Characterization and properties of a new placental protein, Nature 22:574,1969.
2.— Waltz, H„ Tullner, W., Evans, V. y Earle, W.: Gonadotrophic hormone secretion from hydated mole growth in tissue cultures. J . Nati. Cáncer Inst. 14:1173,1954.
3.- Desking. R., Spicer, S y Greene, W.: Ultraestructural localizaron of chorionic gonadotropin in human term placenta. J; Histochem. Cytoche, 18:862, 1970.
4.— Ender, A.,: A comparatíve study of the fine structure of the trophoblast in severa! hemoschorial plácents. Am. Anato, 116:29, 1965.
5.- Fawcett, D., Long, J. y Jones, A.: The ultrastructure of endocrine glands. Recent Prog. Harm. Res. 25:315,1969.
6.— Steiner, D. F.: Peptide Hormone Precursor: Biosynthesis, Processing and significance. En Passons, J.: Peptide Hormones: Baltimore University Park Press, 1976, pp 49—65.
7.— Benagiano, G;, Pala A., Melsinha, M., Ermini, J.: Biosynthesis of human chorionic gonadotrophin In vitro: incorporaron of CI4 L—leucine. J. Endocrinol. 55:387,1972.
8.- Boraditsky, R. Reyes, F., Winter, J., y Faiman,C.: Serum human chorionicgonadotrophin and progesterone patterns in the last trimestres of pregnancy: Relationship to fetal sex. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121:238,1975.
9.— Hobsen, B., y W. de, L.: Chorionic gonadotrophin in the human placenta in relation to the sex of the featusat term. J. Endocrinol. 60:95,1974
10.- Spellacy, W„ Conly, Pl, Cleveland, W„ y Buhi, W.: Effects of Fetal sex and weight and placent weight on maternal serum progesterone and chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122:278,1975.
11.- Amoroso, E. C.: Endocrinology of pregnancy. Br. Med. BulI. 11:117,1955.
12.— Villeé. C., Van Leusden, H., y Zelawski, L.: The regulation of the biosynthesis of sterals and steroids in the placenta Adv. Enzyme Regul. 4:161,1966.
13.- Lauritzen, C., y Lehman, W.: Levelsof chorionic gonadotrophin in the newborn infant and their relationship to adrenal ehydroepiandrosterone y Endocrinol. 39: 173,1967.
14.— Abramovich, D„ Baker, T., y Neal, P.: Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone secretion by the fetal human testls ¡n organ culture. J . Endocrinol, 60:169,1974.
15.— Tulchinsky, D., y Ryan, K.: Maternal Fetal Éndocrinology, Philadelphía, W. G. Sanders Co„ 1980, p. 25.
16.— Grunibach, M„ Kaplan, s., Sciarra, J., y Burr, I.: Chorionic growth hormoneprolactin.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 148:501,1968.
17.- Tyson, J., Austin, K,, y Farinhalt, I.: Prolonged nutritional deprivation in pregnancy: changer in human chorionic comatomammotropin and growth hormone secretion. Am. J. Obstat. Gynecol. 109:1080,1971.
18.— Josimovich, J.,: Human placental lactogen. En: Fuchs, F. (Ed): Endocrinology of Pregnancy. New York, Harper & Row, 1977, pp. 191- 205.
19.— Friesen, H., Suwa, S „ y Pare, P.: Synthesis and secretion of placental lactogen and other proteins by the placenta. Recent. Prog. Horm. Res. 25:161,1969.
20.— England, P., y Lorrimer, D.,: Human Placental lactogen: The watchdog of fetal distress, Lancet 1:5,1974.
21.— Letchworth, A., y Charth T.: Placental Lactogen levels as a screening test fcr fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. Lancént 1:704, 1972.
22.— Spellacy, W„ Buhi, W., y Birk, S.: The effectiveness of human lactogen measurements as an adjunct in decreasing perinatal deaths. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121: 835, 1975.
23.— Vigneri, R.: Spontaneous fíuctations of human placental lactogen during normal pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 40:506, 1975.
24.— Singer, W.: Human placental lactogen, an Índex of placental function. Obstet & Gynecol. 36:222,1970.
25.— Yen, S. y Pearson, O.: Radioinmunoessay of serun chorionic gonadotrophin and placentallactogen on trophoblastíc disease. Obstet. Gynecol, 32: 86,1968.
26.—Liotta, A.: Presence of cortícotrophin in human placenta: demostration of in vitro synthesís. Endocrinology. 101: 1552,1977.
27.— Akasu, F.: Thyroid stimulating hormone extracted from human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn. 2:297,1955
28.— Nisula, B.: Thyroid stimulating activity and chorionic gonadotropin. J. Clin. Invest. 54: 494,1974.
29.— Tojo, S.: Human chorionic TSH during normal or molar pregnancy. Endocrinol. Jpn. 20: 505,1973.
30.— Maruo, T.: In vitro byosinthesis of human chorionic folliale stimulating hormone. Endocrinol. Jpn. 23: 65, 1976.
31.— Tojo, S.: Same biological properties of human chorionic fallicle stimulating hormone. Endocrinol. Jpn. 22: 585, 1977.
32.— Beas, F., y Flores, H.: Characterization and properties of a new placental protein, Nature 22:574,1969.
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Published
2017-06-24
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Yépez R, Estevez E. Hormonas placentarias. Rev Fac Cien Med (Quito) [Internet]. 2017 Jun. 24 [cited 2025 Jan. 19];6(2):145-52. Available from: https://revistadigital.uce.edu.ec/index.php/CIENCIAS_MEDICAS/article/view/471
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