Geometalurgia: Una herramienta para optimizar el valor de yacimientos y generar operaciones mineras más eficientes
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Las operaciones mineras se encuentran condicionadas a los atributos geometalúrgicos que se caracterizan por ser inherentemente variables a causa de la heterogeneidad natural de los yacimientos. Frente a esto la geometalurgia como disciplina emergente brinda un soporte fundamental para evaluar la incertidumbre en variables primarias y de respuesta, sin embargo, para su uso es necesario conocer las bases teóricas que permiten su aplicabilidad. En consecuencia, el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en elaborar una revisión de la literatura y dar a conocer los fundamentos que sustentan a la geometalurgia conjuntamente a casos de estudio en donde se ha utilizado con éxito esta innovadora disciplina. Para esto la metodología radicó en emplear una estrategia de búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus considerando palabras claves, usando operadores booleanos y entre los artículos encontrados se eligieron aquellos más relevantes con los cuales se realizó un análisis bibliométrico aplicando el software VOSviewer; además, se recopiló información complementaria en la base de datos indicada tomando en cuenta el enfoque de la presente investigación y se incluyeron también documentos de conferencias, libros e informe NI 43 - 101, todos estos en idioma inglés. Los resultados muestran que el efecto y comprensión adecuada de las variables geometalúrgicas en el muestreo, definición de dominios y su posterior modelamiento es fundamental para un adecuado mapeo de la variabilidad en el comportamiento del mineral durante su procesamiento. Finalmente, se concluye que el empleo de mineralogía para determinar especies que interfieren en el tratamiento, la geoestadística y particularmente cokriging para la predicción de masa de cobre en la alimentación y concentrado a partir de las cuales se puede determinar la recuperación y el aprendizaje automático como herramienta para elaborar el modelamiento geometalúrgico, son técnicas que permiten optimizar el valor del yacimiento y manejar las operaciones mineras de forma más eficiente.
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