Characterization and experimental evaluation of sour gas as an alternative fuel for power generation in refineries
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In hydrocarbon refineries, combustible gases generated as byproducts during crude oil processing represent a secondary energy source with high potential for self-sufficiency. This study assesses the technical feasibility of utilizing sour gas as an alternative fuel for power generation at La Libertad Refinery, located in La Libertad canton, Santa Elena province, Ecuador—contributing to sustainability strategies and operational efficiency within the oil industry. The primary objective was to characterize the sour gas physicochemically and evaluate its energy performance under real operating conditions. Field sampling was conducted across various processing units, employing gas chromatography to determine its composition and calorific value. Furthermore, its applicability in thermal and electrical generation systems was analyzed, considering critical variables such as conversion efficiency, contaminant content, and pretreatment requirements. Results indicate that sour gas possesses a calorific value of 1.772,8 BTU/ft³, enabling the potential generation of approximately 36.014,20 kWh/day. This energy output could substantially reduce the refinery’s dependence on external electricity sources. Under optimal conditions, sour gas utilization could displace up to 9.280,60 gallons of diesel per day, lowering operating costs and minimizing the carbon footprint. However, its high hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) content (801 ppm) necessitates desulfurization processes to ensure equipment integrity and mitigate corrosion and pollutant emissions. It is concluded that integrating sour gas into a refinery’s energy matrix is technically viable in the long term, provided that appropriate conditioning technologies are implemented. Its use enhances operational stability, reduces costs, and optimizes the energy balance. This alternative strengthens energy self-sufficiency, improves the refinery’s operational profile, and aligns with principles of circular economy, energy transition, and sustainable modernization in accordance with international efficiency standards.
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