FRACASO DE IMPLANTES DENTALES: ANÁLISIS RETROSPECTIVO DE FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN UN PERIODO DE DIEZ AÑOS
FRACASO EN IMPLANTES
Abstract
Background: Dental implants are a predictable and widely accepted treatment in oral rehabilitation, with high long-term success rates. However, failures related to local, systemic, and surgical factors persist, potentially compromising osseointegration and long-term survival.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence and associated factors of dental implant failure in patients treated at a private dental clinic in Quito, Ecuador, over a ten-year period.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted. A total of 801 clinical records corresponding to 2002 implants placed between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. The final sample consisted of 260 patients selected through simple random sampling. Demographic variables, presence of systemic comorbidities, anatomical location, surgical protocol type, and implant characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, and Pearson’s correlation test, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The overall success rate was 97.55%, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.45% (49 implants). Early failures accounted for 91.8%, predominantly in the maxilla (65.3%) and especially in posterior regions. The implant brands with the highest failure rates were Titanium Fix (75.5%) and Zimmer (24.5%). A significant correlation was identified with systemic comorbidities, particularly hypothyroidism (15.8%), cardiovascular diseases (13.1%), and cancer (10.5%).
Conclusion: Dental implant failure is a multifactorial phenomenon in which systemic comorbidities play a decisive role. Early detection and appropriate management of these medical conditions are essential for surgical planning and long-term success of implant treatments.
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