Sensibilidad y alteraciones estructurales por blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno: revisión sistemática in vivo e in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/od.v28iEsp.9918Palabras clave:
Blanqueamiento dental, Peróxido de hidrógeno, Sensibilidad dentariaResumen
El blanqueamiento dental con agentes de alta concentración es ampliamente utilizado para mejorar la estética dental; sin embargo, algunos estudios reportan efectos adversos, como sensibilidad transitoria y posibles cambios estructurales en los tejidos dentarios. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar la evidencia científica sobre los efectos del blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno en la sensibilidad dental y en la estructura del esmalte y la dentina. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library, incluyendo estudios in vivo e in vitro publicados en inglés y español entre 2010 y 2025. Los estudios seleccionados evaluaron el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno en concentraciones del 35 %, 38 % y 40 % para blanqueamiento dental en consultorio. Se incluyeron 36 estudios in vivo que analizaron la sensibilidad dental asociada al procedimiento; todos reportaron su presencia, aunque 20 describieron específicamente su intensidad o duración. Además, se analizaron 24 estudios in vitro enfocados en alteraciones estructurales del esmalte y la dentina, principalmente microdureza, rugosidad superficial, cambios morfológicos y permeabilidad dentinaria. En conjunto, la evidencia indica que el blanqueamiento dental con altas concentraciones de peróxido de hidrógeno puede asociarse con sensibilidad dental transitoria y cambios estructurales en los tejidos dentarios. No obstante, la heterogeneidad metodológica entre los estudios limita la posibilidad de establecer conclusiones definitivas sobre la magnitud y relevancia clínica de estos efectos y exige interpretar los hallazgos con cautela clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alison Jazmín Guamanquispe Tocto, Christian Andrés Cabezas Abad
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
