Insects and the climate change
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Abstract
Adaptation to climate change involve a series of complex mechanisms for living organisms. It is not just a matter that an ecosystem, a group of species or a species moves to colonize a new habitat with better climatic conditions. In fact, this is not an automatic process in which species(s) simply migrate to higher life zones in the mountains, or north / south, depending on which hemisphere they live in, to escape increased temperatures. Since the mid-1950s, the global temperature increase has been very rapid and around 1 degree C, which may not sound like much, but to give an example, that represents around 180 to 200 m of altitude in the Ecuadorian Andes. Insects are excellent ecological indicators regarding climate change. Some are very sensitive, with which they would be in danger of extinction and others are very resistant, presenting robust mechanisms of adaptation to new conditions. Insects thus provide a whole range of cases, from the most sensitive to the most adaptable. This presentation analyzes the main mechanisms of response to climate change by insects, such as specific and local adaptations, phenological adaptations, population dynamics, the ability to move and colonize new habitats, and the genetic responses. In addition, case studies of some butterfly species from Ecuador are included.
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