Agronomic performance and economic evaluation of crystalline maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) in three agroecological zones in the Ecuadorian Littoral
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize hybrids in three different localities in the Ecuadorian Coast. Five hybrids of maize: two local hybrids (INIAP H-551e INIAP H-601), two foreign hybrids (Insignia 105 and S-505) and one experimental material (UTEQ) were evaluated. We used a Complete Block Design with 5 treatments in 4 replications and Tukey tests at 95% probability to establish the differences between the means of the treatments. The main results indicated that the locality had no effect on the dependent variables under analysis. The experimental hybrid UTEQ had the shortest time to male flowering with 49.8 days, while the hybrid S-505 with 53.6 days had the longest. The INIAP H-551 hybrid had the shortest cobs, with an average of 15.5 cm, while the longest cobs were produced by the UTEQ hybrid. The S-505 hybrid had the cobs with the highest number grain rows (17.4), while the INIAP H-551 with an average
of 13.3, showed the lowest number of grain rows. The UTEQ hybrid had higher yields than those observed for the two INIAP hybrids, reaching an average yield of 6852 kg/ha, with the Insignia 105 and S-505 hybrids the most productive with yields of 8336.4 and 8151.6 kg / ha, respectively. In economic terms, the hybrid UTEQ, had a profitability of 75-81%, so that we conclude that this material should be promoted among small-scale producers, since it has low costs per unit of production.
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