Histological and radiographical study of the alveolar post-extraction preservation with calcium sulfate and xenoinjerto in guinea pigs
Keywords:
Preservation, Alveolus, Alveolar ridge, Calcium Sulfat, XenograftAbstract
After performing an extraction, a process of bone remodeling begins, leaving as a consequence a decreased osseous volume that can prevent the placement of a dental implant in optimal conditions. Objective: To evaluate post-exodontia alveolar preservation using calcium sulfate or xenograft in guinea pigs compared to spontaneous healing. Materials and Methods: 30 male guinea pigs, four months old, assigned in three groups of 10 guinea pigs each were used: G1 Calcium sulphate, G2 Xenograft (bovine) G3 Negative control (without bone substitute). Exodontia of the lower right central incisor was curetted and washed with physiological serum, group G1 and G2 were filled with the corresponding biomaterial, group G3 did not receive any biomaterial. The suture was point in X with Vicryl (4/0). Standardized radiographs were taken in the immediate postoperative period and after 40 days, the alveolar crest was measured mesially, distally and coronally. At 40 days the guinea pigs were sacrificed, obtaining the segment of alveolar bone for the histological analysis of the alveolus. The data were analyzed through of the Kruskal Wallis test and chi square test with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The preservation of the alveolar crest was observed in mesial 2.92 (p = 0.025) and cervical 0.92 (p = 0.043). In the histological analysis, the spaces in the fibrous region in the middle part of the alveolus were 26.00 for calcium sulphate and 23.80 for xenograft (p = 0.011), apical 16.20 for calcium sulphate and 20 , 60 for the xenograft (p = 0.020), empty coronal spaces (p = 0.003), fibrous tissue (p = 0.010), bone regeneration (p = 0.019), hyaline areas (p = 0.010). Conclusion: Post-extraction alveoli are better preserved using Calcium Sulphate and Xenograft compared to spontaneous wound healing in guinea pigs.
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