Validation and transcultural adaptation of the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-years-old children (SOHO-5) in Ecuadorian Spanish

Abstract

The Scale of Oral Health Outcomes Scale for children of 5 years (SOHO-5) is an instrument that measure the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of very young children through self-reports and reports from parents. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the SOHO-5 to the Spanish of Ecuador and to assess its reliability and validity. Materials and Methods: A total of 179 children with their caregivers were randomly selected in the Santa Maria de los Angeles Educational Unit of the city of Quito-Ecuador. For the validation of SOHO-5, clinical variables were used: dental caries (dmf-t), caries severity (PUFA), malocclusions (Grabowski) and trauma (Andreasen). Two pilot tests were carried out at the Santa Clara de Asís school, the first consisted of 20 participants for the understanding of questions and the second with 30 participants where the reliability and stability of the instrument was obtained. Results: For reliability, a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.86, 0.79 and 0.73 was obtained for the children, parents and family scale version, respectively. An Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.88, 0.92 and 0.99 for the children, parent’s version and family scale respectively. The SOHO-5 Ec discriminates between the absence and presence of dental caries, pulpitis and presence of fistula (p <0.05). Conclusion: The SOHO5-Ec is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in Ecuadorian children of 5 years-old.