Dental management of the patient with falciform anemia: integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/odontologia.vol22.n2.2020-92-107Keywords:
Sickle cell anemia, hemoglobinopathies, dental care, secondary prevention, hematological diseasesAbstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the hemoglobin molecule of red blood cells in sickle-shaped cells formation. This event causes vaso‐occlusive crises and hemolysis, and consequently, a wide range of clinical manifestations. Objective: This study aimed to present an integrative review of the literature on dental care of patients with SCA. Material and Methods: A search was conducted in Pubmed and Scielo databases using as a search strategy an association of terms related to disease and dentistry (“Sickle Cell Anemia”, “Dental Care”). Results: Studies published since 1990 were included while literature reviews were excluded, resulting in eighteen articles for analysis. The literature has shown that preventive dental care is essential for patients with sickle cell anemia and is able to reduce the number of hospitalizations. Pre, trans and post-treatment measures may include antibiotic prophylaxis, use of sedation, good control of oxygen levels, patient hydration, and maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion. Still, more studies are needed to clarify some dental uncertainties during the care given to patients with AF, such as the safety of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors and the use of osseointegrated implants. Conclusion: The knowledge of the disease is essential for dental management. Certain precautions should be taken to reduce factors that promote acute crises, such as acidosis, hypotension, hypoxia, infection, vasoconstriction and stress.
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