Efficacy of Vehicles Used to Enhance the Antimicrobial Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus faecalis: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/od.v28iEsp.9217Keywords:
Enterococcus faecalis, Calcium Hydroxide, Antimicrobial VehiclesAbstract
Introduction: This study analyzed the efficacy of vehicles used to enhance the antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis, a resistant microorganism frequently encountered in endodontic retreatment. This material is used for its ability to release hydroxyl ions, which raise the intracanal pH and alter bacterial structure. Objective: To evaluate the influence of different vehicles on ion release, intracanal diffusion, and stability of calcium hydroxide, determining its effect on bacterial elimination and its clinical importance in disinfecting the root canal system. Materials and methods: The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using a systematic search in PubMed for articles published between 2020 and 2025. A Boolean search strategy was applied to combine terms related to calcium hydroxide, antimicrobial vehicles, and Enterococcus faecalis, selecting full-text studies that evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of the drug according to the type of vehicle. Results: Viscous and blended vehicles showed greater efficacy by maintaining sustained ion release and preserving chemical stability. Aqueous vehicles exhibited rapid but short-lived action, while oily vehicles showed less diffusion. Propylene glycol and chlorhexidine stood out for prolonging the alkaline effect and improving intracanal penetration. Conclusion: This study identified that viscous and blended vehicles offer better results against E. faecalis by maintaining a stable pH and prolonged antimicrobial activity.
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