Migration and generational renewal in the indigenous family farming: case study Otavalo-Ecuador
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Abstract
This project studies migration and the generational renewal in the indigenous family farming as part of the process of de-agrarization, from the approaches of indigenous family farming and rural youth in the county of Otavalo. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data gathered with structured surveys, the study determines that this type of agriculture suffers from severe productivity problems that negatively affect the generation of economic income, which encourage rural emigration. Particularly, the decrease in the productivity of family farming is due to environmental factors such as water scarcity and soil degradation. The abandonment of agricultural activities is mainly related to the lack of economic and technical governmental support for family farming, forcing farmers to seek employment outside the farm, which leads to a decrease in the local agricultural workforce, and to the sprout of textile and craft family micro-enterprises. Rural youth, aware of these agricultural constraints, are not attracted to continue with agricultural activity, nor do they consider studying this science in vocational training. The combination of the studied problems such as migration, the change of economic activity, and the scarce generational renewal demonstrate the existence of a process of desagrarización of the indigenous family agriculture, which lead to demographic, economic and labor changes of this study group.
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