Agronomic performance of eight yacon cultivars (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp. & Endl.] H. Rob.) from northern Peru
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Abstract
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a promising crop due to the nutraceutical properties of its roots and leaves. The objective of the study was to evaluate the fresh root and dry matter yield of eight yacon cultivars from northern Peru. The cultivars (treatments) were planted in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Planting was carried out at 0.5 m between plants and 1.0 m between rows. The following variables were evaluated: number, fresh weight and total dry weight of roots, number, fresh weight and dry weight of commercial roots, fresh weight and dry weight of crown, fresh weight and dry weight of foliage, plant height, number of stems, leaf area at full flowering, allocation of dry matter to the three parts of the plant (roots, crown and foliage) and harvest index. Analysis of variance was performed for all variables and Tukey's test at 5 % for the variables that showed statistically significant differences. Highly significant differences were found among cultivars for fifteen variables related to yield and the cultivars with better performance were identified according to potential utility: I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VIII for total root weight; I, II, IV, V, VIII for commercial root weight; II, IV and VIII for commercial root dry matter. Dry matter allocation was mainly toward the crown (47 % to 65 %) and the harvest index ranged from 22 % to 40 %. Sixteen simple correlations between the variables under study were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). The germplasm under study showed high potential to be used in productivity improvement.
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