Isolation and pathogenicity of associated agents to root rot disease in cocoyam (Xanthosoma violaceum L. Schott) in Nicaragua
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Dry rot represents the most destructive disease of cocoyam (Xanthosoma violaceum). The isolation of Pythium myriotylum requires the use of fresh root samples, so specific isolation techniques and selective growth media must be developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate techniques for the isolation of Pythium myriotylum and to determine the pathogenicity of microorganisms associated with dry rot in cocoyam. The efficacy of three isolation methods was assessed: a) soil dilutions, b) roots exhibiting symptoms of dry rot, and c) cocoyam leaves as baits [HQC]. The isolates were placed in different culture media, namely a) potato dextrose agar, b) water agar + streptomycin sulfate, c) V8 + Pimaricin, Ampicillin, Rifampicin and Benomyl [PARB]; and d) tetrazolium chloride medium, for bacteria. The isolated microorganisms were identified using taxonomic keys. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated in a greenhouse setting using with vitroplants of cocoyam Lila. This was done by inoculating the isolates obtained, alone and in combination, to a sterile substrate and a control treatment without inoculation. The Pythium spp. demonstrated mycelial growth with an abundance of fruiting structures when the HQC method and V8-PARB culture media were employed. The pathogenicity test revealed that the combined treatments with P. myriotylum resulted in the manifestation of symptoms indicative of root damage. The combination of soil isolation with cocoyam leaves, and the V8-PARB culture media was the most effective method for the isolation of Pythium myriotylum. This approach resulted in the growth of abundant mycelium that facilitated morphometric identification. P. myriotylum was observed to indice symptoms consistent with dry rot in vitroplants of cocoyam. Inoculation of plants with F. solani and R. solanacearum, either individually or in combination, did not result in the manifestation of symptoms characteristic of dry rot.
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