Plant growth-promoting activity of four endophytic fungi isolated from Araucaria araucana
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Abstract
Endophytic fungi [EF] are microorganisms that reside within plant tissues without causing apparent damage. They play a role in synthesizing growth-regulating substances, nitrogen fixation, protection against pathogens, and other benefits for plants. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of Indole Acetic Acid [IAA] production and phosphate solubilization in four strains of EF isolated from roots of Araucaria Araucana, and assessed their effect on the growth promotion of Nicotiana tabacum, as a model plant. Fungi were identified as Phialocephala fortinii (strain E-1), Penicillium melinii (strain E-13), Umbelopsis dimorpha (strain E-14), and Preussia cymatomera (strain E-36). The concentration of IAA was determined using the Salkowski method using potato dextrose broth [PDB] supplemented with 10 mg L-1 L-tryptophan, as a precursor for IAA synthesis. The yield was expressed in mg L-1. The capacity of phosphate solubilization was determined in Pikovskaya solid medium through the evaluation of halos formed in the medium and calculating the relative solubilization efficiency ratio [RSE]. Finally, we evaluated the effect of EF in a co-culture with N. tabacum seedlings under in vitro conditions measuring aerial and root biomass of the seedlings. The highest values for IAA and RSE were observed in the case of U. dimorpha (52.29 and 3.36 mg L-1, respectively). All fungi used promoted the growth of both aerial and root biomass of N. tabacum plants under in vitro conditions, obtaining the highest production of total dry biomass (aerial and root) with U. dimorpha, with a value of 188.5 mg, which was significantly higher (p < 0,01) than that of control plants (8.85 mg). Our findings suggest that EF isolated from A. araucana has the potential to promote plant growth and provide benefits to plants through the production of phytohormones.
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