Soil compaction produced by traffic machinery: effect on soil cutting effort and maize yield (Zea mayz L.)
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Abstract
Soil compaction and the effects of crop residues of maize (Zea mays L.) on seedling emergence and yields in three different tillage methods were evaluated. The study was conducted during four growing seasons on a Typical Argiudoll soil. The variables measured were: Cone Index, the root dry matter per plant, dry matter per plant, seedling emergence, and yield. The results showed that lower yields in soil under direct sowing treatment (between 10.7 and 15.2%) compared with the chisel plow and moldboard plow. Initially, the emergence was slower for tilled soil treatments, but no differences between treatments were found 18 days after planting. The highest values of root dry matter per plant were observed in soil worked by chisel plow and moldboard plow (42.3 and 46.1 g plant-1, respectively). The main conclusions were: corn yield is directly related to soil compaction, and lightweight planters used in treatments that remove the soil produced subsoil compaction.
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