Effect of four liming materials on acidity control of a soil from Loreto, Orellana
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Abstract
A study was conducted in two phases, one at the Experimental Station greenhouse and other at the Soil Testing Lab, both belonging to the College of Agriculture, Central University. The objective was to evaluate the effect lime amendments to control soil acidity on a soil representative from the red acid soils classified as Oxic Dystrudepts at the Loreto canton, Orellana province. Soil presented an initial 5.2 pH, and values of 0.52 cmolc kg-1 of exchangeable acidity (H+ + Al+3) and 0.39 cmolc kg-1 of exchangeable aluminum (Al+3). Four amendments (calcium carbonate, dolomite, calcium oxide and magnesium carbonate) and 8 lime rates (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.9, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 t ha-1) were evaluated. Treatments were replicated 3 times giving a total of 24 experimental
units per amendment. The greenhouse experiment was started mixing the lime rates with 2 kg of soils and placing them in plastic pots which were kept at near field capacity for 45 days to allow complete reaction of the liming materials. After this time pots were seeded with wheat (Triticum vulgare) and were allowed to grow for 6 weeks. Above ground biomass was harvested to evaluate fresh and dry matter accumulation. Soils samples from the pots after harvest were used for the lab analysis determination of pH, H+ + Al+3 and Al+3. A complete randomized design was used for statistical evaluation. Greenhouse results indicated that the higher mean biomass yields of the indicator plant were obtained with the application of dolomite and calcium carbonate. It was also observed that the higher accumulation of biomass was obtained with amendment rates ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 t ha-1. Soil analysis demonstrated that pH values increased as lime rate increased, but the opposite was observed for H+ + Al+3 and Al+3, however, only the lower rates agreed with the rates that produced the higher yields. Graphic analysis of the pH with H+ and pH with Al+3 interactions showed the same tendencies. All this information documented the dynamics of the changes promoted by the addition of the amendments on biomass accumulation and soil properties and, in indirect form, the right rate of the amendment, but this information is not enough to deliver a rate recommendation fitted for every particular soil. It was proposed to use the method developed by Kamprath using the initial values of H+ + Al+3 to be plugged in the following formula: CaCO3 (t ha-1) = 2.0 x cmolc of + + Al+3 kg-1 of soil. When the numbers were plugged the result was CaCO3 (t ha-1) = 2.0 x 0.52 cmolc of H+ + Al+3 kg-1 of soil ≈ 1 t ha-1 CaCO3. This formula can then be used for all the acid soils with the same characteristics as the soil incubated at the greenhouse.
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