Biodegradation of pesticides by compost-isolated microorganisms
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Abstract
Soil degradation and low agricultural productivity have often been linked to the indiscriminate use of pesticides. In recent years, to restore soil fertility, farmers have increasingly turned to organic fertilizers, which supply both macronutrients and micronutrients to enhance crop production. However, the microbial load of these fertilizers can significantly impact soil biological populations, their diversity, and their activity. In this context, the objectives of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of compost samples and to conduct pesticide degradation tests. Microbiological analyses revealed that the compost’s microbial load was primarily composed of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium spp. and Cladosporium spp., as well as phytopathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, which are pathogenic to humans and animals. The population and diversity of actinomycetes were notably low. Previous analyses identified the persistence of pesticides such as glyphosate, chlorfenapyr, and difenoconazole in the samples. The most abundant bacteria and actinomycetes, identified as Pseudomonas spp. and Streptomyces spp. (ACP1 and ACP2), were effective in degrading these pesticides under in vitro conditions. Specifically, difenoconazole was degraded by up to 70%, chlorfenapyr by 44%, and glyphosate by 30%, both individually and in mixtures. These results demonstrate the potential of these microorganisms for use in decontamination and bioremediation processes by reducing pesticide concentrations in soil.
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