Meta-análisis del efecto del uso de la vacuna anti-GnRH sobre el rendimiento productivo y la calidad de canal en porcinos
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La castración quirúrgica ha sido una práctica común en el cerdo para evitar el olor sexual, sin embargo, afecta el bienestar animal. La inmunocastración se presenta como una alternativa, pues tras el uso de la vacuna se estimula la producción de anticuerpos contra la hormona GnRH. Se induce la inhibición temporal de la función testicular y de la liberación de esteroides, los cuales generan el olor sexual de la carne de cerdo. Existe gran cantidad de información publicada sobre el uso de este recurso con resultados variables en el desempeño productivo. Este estudio se realizó con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de la vacuna anti-GnRH sobre el rendimiento productivo y la calidad de canal en porcinos. Se realizaron 16 meta-análisis para determinar tamaño de efecto, con dos tipos de grupo control (machos castrados y enteros), a partir de 45 artículos científicos (3.685 repeticiones), bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios. El uso de la vacuna anti-GnRH mejoró el consumo diario de alimento [CDA] (-78,78 g día-1, p = 0,00028), la conversión alimenticia [CA] (-0,16854 kg kg-1, p < 0,00001), la eficiencia alimenticia [EA] (+0,03558 kg kg-1, p < 0,00001) y el porcentaje magro (+1,3%, p < 0,00001) versus machos castrados quirúrgicamente. Los cerdos enteros (control) presentaron resultados superiores para todas las variables analizadas, a excepción de la ganancia diaria de peso (+32,67g día-1, p = 0,00005) que se vio favorecida por el uso de la vacuna. Se concluye que el uso de la vacuna anti-GnRH favorece al rendimiento productivo (CDA, CA y EA) en comparación con los cerdos castrados quirúrgicamente, no así versus cerdos enteros.
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