Mechanisms of action of Botox in the treatment of bruxism
Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29166/od.v28i1.9155Keywords:
botulinum toxin, bruxism, botoxAbstract
Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used to treat bruxism, a disorder characterized by hyperactivity of the mandibular muscles, causing pain and dental wear. Its primary mechanism involves inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle contraction and modulating mandibular tone. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyze the mechanisms of action of botox in the management of bruxism. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar using terms such as “botulinum toxin,” “bruxism,” and “mechanism of action,” selecting 25 articles published between 2020 and 2025 that addressed the effects and mechanisms of BoNT-A in this context. Results: The review shows that BoNT-A causes temporary muscle paralysis and reversible atrophy, decreasing the strength and tone of the mandibular muscles, which reduces the hyperactivity typical of bruxism. Additionally, possible retrograde transport to the central nervous system has been identified, modulating neuronal excitability and promoting neuromuscular balance. Therapeutic efficacy depends on dose and precise application to minimize adverse effects. Conclusions: Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment for bruxism, with both peripheral and central actions. Further research is needed to optimize application protocols and assess long-term effects, contributing to improved clinical care and patient quality of life.
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